District heating plant in Zemun (photo: Beogradske elektrane)
By 2040, Serbia intends to replace fuel oil and coal in district heating plants with solar, wood biomass, heat pumps, municipal waste and geothermal energy.
Maja Vukadinović, acting Assistant Minister of Mining and Energy for Energy Efficiency and Climate Change, has said that the goal for the district heating sector is to phase out fuel oil and coal by 2040.
She explained that the idea is to replace fossil fuels with solar energy, wood biomass, heat pumps, municipal waste and geothermal energy.
“The list of programs and projects until 2028 is defined in the draft Program for the Implementation of the Energy Development Strategy of the Republic of Serbia until 2040 with projections to 2050, for the period from 2026 to 2028,” Vukadinović told Balkan Green Energy News.
The share of renewables should increase from 2.4% to 5.5%
According to the draft, implementation of decarbonization projects in district heating systems by 2028 should lift the share of renewable energy sources in heat production from 2.4% to 5.5%.
The fuel mix in 2023 was 75% natural gas, 8% petroleum products, 2% coal, 2% wood biomass, and 13% purchased heat. The structure of purchased heat production is 46.8% natural gas, 48.8% coal, 3.3% wood biomass, and 1.1% fuel oil.
Natural gas will remain the dominant source of thermal energy, as it is today, although its share is expected to decrease from 73% to 50% by 2040, according to Vukadinović.
The decarbonization of the district heating system would reduce air pollution in cities, especially where coal or fuel oil is currently used, the ministry added.
A strategic plan for the district heating decarbonization policy is being prepared
“It’s very important that the fuels conversion is carried out in parallel with energy renovation of buildings and a reduction of the energy consumption for heating. It would significantly improve living conditions,” Vukadinović underlined.
Decarbonization would also have to lead to the improvement of the overall operation of the heating plants, as well as a reduction in network losses, the modernization of substations, and the introduction of daily and seasonal thermal energy storage, in her opinion. The operation of the district heating systems should depend less on the price volatility of imported fuels, Vukadinović stressed.
Serbia is preparing a strategic plan for the district heating decarbonization policy. The document is under development in cooperation with the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and the business association of Serbian heating plants, Toplane Srbije.
The document, she explained, will outline steps to improve the district heating system, including the rollout of thermal energy storage, heat pumps, and heat production from waste, as well as the development of the country’s first district cooling systems.
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