Record solar panel imports in Africa: a lifeline for a continent where 600 million people lack electricity

Half of Africa’s population still lacks access to electricity, but a record surge in solar panel imports could signal a turning point. A report by the Ember research center shows a 60% increase in solar panel imports from China to Africa. Although it is too early to make forecasts, the report suggests that the solar boom could positively impact the power systems of many African countries.

As many as 570 million people in Africa still lack reliable access to electricity, which is almost half of the continent’s population. According to data from the Energy Progress Report, in 2022, 685 million people worldwide did not have access to electricity, meaning that Africa accounts for 80% of the global population without access.

While North African nations and countries like Ghana, Gabon, and South Africa have made progress, major challenges remain in Central Africa and the Sahel region (Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Cameroon, Guinea, Gambia, Senegal, Nigeria, Chad, and Mauritania), where entire communities remain off the grid.

Solar energy could be an opportunity for Africa to skip the phase of relying on fossil fuels and make a significant step toward an energy transition. It is still too early to say if this process is already underway, but the latest report by Ember shows that solar power is gaining serious momentum.

The total imported capacity reached 15,032 MW

According to their analysis, from June 2024 to June 2025, solar panel imports from China to Africa increased by 60%. The total imported capacity during these 12 months amounted to 15,032 MW. Ember used Chinese customs data in the report because China is the world’s largest producer and exporter of solar panels, accounting for around 80% of the global output in 2024.

The last significant increase in solar imports was recorded in 2023, when South Africa experienced a solar boom due to its energy crisis. However, new data shows that interest in solar energy is spreading to other countries as well. Solar panel imports outside South Africa nearly tripled in the last two years, rising from 3,734 MW to 11,248 MW.

The report shows that a record solar panel import was set in as many as 20 African countries, while 25 countries imported at least 100 MW of solar capacity from June 2024 to June 2025.

Increasing solar panel imports could reduce fuel imports

Ember’s analysis suggests that solar could significantly contribute to electricity production in many African countries. If Sierra Leone installed all the panels imported in the last 12 months, it could produce the equivalent of 61% of its total electricity output from 2023. Similar results are seen in Chad — 49%.

In five countries, newly imported solar panels could contribute more than 10% of total electricity production from 2023: Liberia (25%), Somalia (15%), Eritrea (15%), Togo (11%), and Benin (10%). Overall, 16 countries have the potential to increase electricity production by at least 5%, according to the report.

In addition, solar panel imports can significantly reduce fossil fuel imports, especially diesel, on which many African countries still rely. According to 2022 research by Wood Mackenzie, 17 African countries had more diesel generator capacity than grid-connected power plants.

In some countries, such as Nigeria, if diesel imports for electricity production were stopped, savings could cover the cost of solar panels in approximately six months or even less.

Although solar expansion in Africa is accelerating, experts emphasize that the process is still in its early stages and that more data and research are needed to fully understand its potential.