Balkan hydrogen scientists: Research funding should focus on real-world applications

A team of scientists from Slovenia, Serbia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina is working on a hydrogen project based on seawater electrolysis. Dalibor Karačić, Nejc Hodnik, Igor Pašti, and Sanjin Gutić believe their research can deliver a solution fit for commercial use, unlike many hydrogen technologies in development around the world. To unlock the sector’s potential, hydrogen funding schemes must shift the focus from complex and “elegant” solutions to those that can be applied outside the lab, according to the scientists.

Investment in hydrogen technologies worldwide exceeded USD 200 billion in 2023, but most of the research might never produce scalable solutions due to over-complexity and impracticability, according to the four scientists.

Investment in hydrogen research exceeded USD 200 billion in 2023

Karačić, Hodnik, Pašti, and Gutić are working on a NATO-funded project that integrates membrane technology with seawater electrolysis. They claim they are not chasing novelty but “building something that can leave the lab.”

In theory, producing one kilogram of hydrogen requires nine liters of water, and even more in fossil-based hydrogen extraction. On the other hand, their research is based on the assumption that electrolysis from seawater and even wastewater could deliver hydrogen with lower water intensity and without ultrapure inputs, offering significant infrastructure savings.

This is especially relevant for countries like Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia, which lack industrial hydrogen infrastructure but possess abundant natural water sources and technical talent, they claim.

Karačić: Balkan countries lack the political will to implement hydrogen solutions

Dalibor Karačić, lead researcher for energy conversion and storage systems at Sarajevo’s Center for Advanced Technologies (CNT), believes that the group’s project can deliver, but warns the region lacks the political will to implement the solution.

“We can deliver, but I don’t know who’s willing to receive it. Political will is lagging behind technical capability,” Karačić said in an interview with Energy News.

Some hydrogen uses do not require expensive high-pressure storage

When it comes to the issue of storage, Igor Pašti, Professor of Electrochemistry at the Faculty of Physical Chemistry of the University of Belgrade, claims that some industrial applications of hydrogen, such as ammonia production or steel processing, do not require expensive high-pressure storage. Tanks at 200 bars can hold hydrogen safely for two years, he explains.

One of the most cited barriers to turning lab success into industrial viability is the fact that many catalyst systems used in lab settings rely on rare metals or unrealistic environmental conditions. According to Nejc Hodnik, Head of Laboratory for Electrocatalysis at the National Institute of Chemistry in Ljubljana, Slovenia, 99% of existing research cannot be scaled because either the material is too unstable or the process cannot work outside the laboratory.