Bulgaria canceling sale of equipment for its Belene nuclear plant to Ukraine

Bulgaria’s minority government decided to call off the planned sale of equipment from the failed Belene nuclear power project to Ukraine’s Energoatom and reactivate the plans. There is an idea to attract investments in data centers that could be supplied with the electricity. At the same time, state-owned Bulgarian Energy Holding is preparing to build two more reactors at the existing Kozloduy nuclear power plant.

The chronic political crisis in Bulgaria, lasting more than four years, has led to another controversy with regard to the Belene nuclear power project. The investment was canceled and restarted several times since the Russian equipment arrived in the late 1980s.

The National Assembly voted in 2023 to start negotiations on the proposed sale to Ukrainian state-owned Energoatom for its Khmelnytsky nuclear power project. However, last week the representatives of the ruling coalition said they decided to keep the equipment.

Deputy Prime Minister Atanas Zafirov, head of the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP), said nuclear energy development is the right way forward for the country and its people. “Electricity prices are rising around the world. The world is facing continued energy insecurity, and nuclear power is a stable and predictable source. We have the site, we have the reactors, we have the experts – everything is in our hands,” he stated.

Borissov wants Americans in data center project

BSP is a junior partner in the minority government, which came into office in January. Socialists have been pushing to cancel the equipment sale from earlier, but now the largest party completely changed its stance. Boyko Borissov, the leader of GERB – Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria and former prime minister, explained that large technology companies are interested in building data centers for artificial intelligence.

Experts have valued the stored equipment at EUR 734 million

The idea is to attract such an investment and use the Russian reactors in Belene to power it, Kapital reported. If it doesn’t work out, the equipment can be sold. According to the media outlet, Borissov is planning to discuss the matter with “the Americans.”

Of note, Prime Minister Rosen Zhelyazkov is from GERB. The article adds that experts valued the assets in storage at EUR 734 million, of which the reactors are worth EUR 409 million. Bulgaria’s parliament has set the lowest price at EUR 602 million. Now it will need to vote again to block the potential deal.

Obsolete Belene project would face huge funding challenge

The news website attributed Borissov’s turnaround to the new geopolitical situation between the United States, Ukraine and Russia. It added that the project is outdated and that it wouldn’t be completed for another 20 years anyway. There is also the issue of funding: the investment requires at least EUR 10.2 billion more and another EUR 1.53 billion for the transmission network and other infrastructure.

Moreover, the same or similar challenges were there five and ten years ago as well.

Most importantly, Bulgaria is already preparing to build two more units at the Kozloduy nuclear power plant, in cooperation with  Westinghouse Electric. State-owned Bulgarian Energy Holding is controlling the project.