{"id":88670,"date":"2026-01-14T16:27:37","date_gmt":"2026-01-14T15:27:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/balkangreenenergynews.com\/rs\/?p=88670"},"modified":"2026-01-14T16:27:37","modified_gmt":"2026-01-14T15:27:37","slug":"plastika-kao-energent-skrivena-praksa-u-siromasnim-domacinstvima","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/balkangreenenergynews.com\/rs\/plastika-kao-energent-skrivena-praksa-u-siromasnim-domacinstvima\/","title":{"rendered":"Plastika kao energent: skrivena praksa u siroma\u0161nim doma\u0107instvima"},"content":{"rendered":"

U nedostatku sredstava za kupovinu energenata za grejanje i kuvanje, mnoga doma\u0107instva u zemljama u razvoju koriste plastiku kao gorivo. Osim zbog siroma\u0161tva, plastika se lo\u017ei jer je ima u izobilju, pokazuje nova studija. Spaljivanjem plastike osloba\u0111a se \u010ditav niz toksi\u010dnih jedinjenja, me\u0111u kojima su dioksini, furani i te\u0161ki metali, a oni ugro\u017eavaju zdravlje ljudi i \u017eivotnu sredinu.<\/h2>\n

Najnovije istra\u017eivanje predstavljeno u studiji Rasprostranjenost plasti\u010dnog otpada na Globalnom jugu kao goriva u doma\u0107instvima u zajednicama s niskim prihodima<\/a><\/em>, objavljenoj na nau\u010dnoj platformi Nature Communications, pokazuje da je ova praksa znatno rasprostranjenija nego \u0161to se ranije pretpostavljalo. Istra\u017eivanje je obuhvatilo 1.018 ispitanika u 26 zemalja takozvanog Globalnog juga.<\/p>\n

Istra\u017eiva\u010di su anketirali stru\u010dnjake i aktere iz lokalnih zajednica u zemljama sa niskim i srednjim prihodima u Aziji, Africi i Latinskoj Americi. Prema rezultatima, \u010dak svaka tre\u0107a osoba zna za doma\u0107instva koja spaljuju plastiku, dok je 16 odsto ispitanika navelo da su i sami koristili plastiku kao gorivo<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Studija isti\u010de da se plasti\u010dni otpad \u010desto koristi ne samo za potpaljivanje vatre, ve\u0107 i kao delimi\u010dno ili zamensko gorivo za kuvanje i grejanje, naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e pome\u0161ano sa drvetom, ugljem ili drugim tradicionalnim energentima.<\/p>\n

\n

Plasti\u010dni otpad se koristi kao zamensko gorivo za kuvanje i grejanje<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

„Kada porodice ne mogu da priu\u0161te \u010distija goriva i nemaju pouzdan sistem sakupljanja otpada, plastika postaje i problem i poslednji izvor energije. Prona\u0161li smo dokaze da ljudi spaljuju sve \u2013 od plasti\u010dnih kesa i ambala\u017ee do fla\u0161a i pakovanja \u2013 kako bi zadovoljili osnovne potrebe u doma\u0107instvu“, isti\u010de Bi\u0161al Baradvad\u017e, glavni autor studije i istra\u017eiva\u010dki saradnik na Univerzitetu u Kalgariju.<\/p>\n

On isti\u010de da ova praksa do sada nije privukla globalnu pa\u017enju, jer se odvija u marginalizovanim zajednicama i skriveno od o\u010diju javnosti.<\/p>\n

Otpad od PET-a i polipropilena se uglavnom spaljuje u tradicionalnim lo\u017ei\u0161tima, poput ognji\u0161ta sa tri kamena ili pe\u0107i na ugalj, koja nisu namenjena sagorevanju plastike. Takvo sagorevanje mo\u017ee da dovede do emisije izuzetno toksi\u010dnih supstanci, uklju\u010duju\u0107i dioksine, furane i te\u0161ke metale.<\/p>\n

\n

I u Srbiji se otpad koristi kao energent<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Iako Srbija nije obuhva\u0107ena pomenutom studijom, poznato je da deo stanovni\u0161tva koristi otpad kao energent. Zbog niske cene i dostupnosti, neki pojedinci za grejanje koriste otpadno motorno ulje<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Na opasnosti sagorevanja razli\u010ditih vrsta otpada nedavno je upozorila i ekolo\u0161ka organizacija Eko stra\u017ea<\/a>, navode\u0107i da se drveni \u017eelezni\u010dki pragovi, poznati kao sliperi, ne smeju koristiti kao ogrev. Ovi pragovi su hemijski tretirani, a njihovim sagorevanjem osloba\u0111a se dim koji sadr\u017ei kancerogene supstance, uklju\u010duju\u0107i benzo[a]piren, dioksine i furane, kao i velike koli\u010dine sitnih \u010destica koje lako dospevaju do plu\u0107a.<\/p>\n

Dugoro\u010dni zdravstveni rizici<\/h3>\n

Dioksini i furani se, zbog svoje hemijske stabilnosti i sposobnosti da se vezuju za masno tkivo, dugo zadr\u017eavaju u organizmu. Prema procenama Svetske zdravstvene organizacije, njihovo vreme poluraspada u ljudskom telu iznosi od sedam do 11 godina.<\/p>\n

Izlo\u017eenost ovim jedinjenjima mo\u017ee da izazove reproduktivne i razvojne poreme\u0107aje, o\u0161te\u0107enje imunog sistema, poreme\u0107aje u radu hormona, kao i pojavu karcinoma. U \u017eivotnoj sredini, dioksini imaju tendenciju da se akumuliraju du\u017e lanca ishrane.<\/p>\n

Ve\u0107ina ispitanika bila je svesna ovih opasnosti. Vi\u0161e od 60 odsto njih slo\u017eilo se da sagorevanje plastike predstavlja ozbiljan rizik, uklju\u010duju\u0107i toksi\u010dno zaga\u0111enje vazduha, opasnost od po\u017eara i kontaminaciju hrane i vode. Posebno ranjive grupe su \u017eene, deca i starije osobe, zbog ve\u0107e izlo\u017eenosti u zatvorenim prostorima.<\/p>\n

\n

Sagorevanje plastike posledica strukturnih problema, a ne individualnih odluka<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Studija pokazuje da je sagorevanje plastike pre svega posledica strukturnih problema, a ne individualnih odluka. Doma\u0107instva su sklonija ovoj praksi u sredinama gde cena \u010distih energenata, poput gasa ili elektri\u010dne energije, prema\u0161uje porodi\u010dni bud\u017eet i gde sistemi sakupljanja otpada ne postoje ili su nedostupni, pa se ovaj materijal nagomilava.<\/p>\n

Sagorevanje plastike je \u010de\u0161\u0107e prijavljivano u zemljama sa niskim prihodima i posebno je rasprostranjeno u Podsaharskoj Africi, ali je zabele\u017eeno u svim regionima Globalnog juga obuhva\u0107enim istra\u017eivanjem.<\/p>\n

Prema podacima Organizacije za ekonomsku saradnju i razvoj (OECD)<\/span>, koli\u010dina plasti\u010dnog otpada na globalnom nivou mogla bi da se gotovo utrostru\u010di do 2060. godine. Istra\u017eiva\u010di upozoravaju da bez unapre\u0111enja sistema upravljanja otpadom i boljeg pristupa pristupa\u010dnoj \u010distoj energiji, ovaj problem mo\u017ee dodatno da se produbi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

U nedostatku sredstava za kupovinu energenata za grejanje i kuvanje, mnoga doma\u0107instva u zemljama u razvoju koriste plastiku kao gorivo<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":88742,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,4],"tags":[5580,679,1517,4995,910,5951,5921],"class_list":["post-88670","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-otpad","category-zivotna-sredina","tag-eko-straza","tag-otpad","tag-plasticni-otpad","tag-plastika","tag-zagadenje-vazduha","tag-zdravlje","tag-zivotna-sredina","country-svet"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPlastika kao energent: skrivena praksa u siroma\u0161nim doma\u0107instvima<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" 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