{"id":88449,"date":"2025-12-31T15:11:47","date_gmt":"2025-12-31T14:11:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/balkangreenenergynews.com\/rs\/?p=88449"},"modified":"2025-12-31T15:11:47","modified_gmt":"2025-12-31T14:11:47","slug":"riblje-staze-kljucna-mera-za-ublazavanje-negativnih-uticaja-hidroelektrana","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/balkangreenenergynews.com\/rs\/riblje-staze-kljucna-mera-za-ublazavanje-negativnih-uticaja-hidroelektrana\/","title":{"rendered":"Riblje staze: klju\u010dna mera za ubla\u017eavanje negativnih uticaja hidroelektrana"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hidroelektrane su najstariji na\u010din proizvodnje obnovljive elektri\u010dne energije. Ipak, brane hidroelektrana mogu da budu nepremostiva prepreka za ribe kojima je slobodan prolaz rekom neophodan. Planiranje hidroenergetskih objekata, odnosno obezbe\u0111ivanje ribljih staza izuzetno je zna\u010dajno za opstanak re\u010dnog ekosistema, \u0161to pokazuje i primer iz Slovenije, gde je njihova izgradnja zakonska obaveza ve\u0107 skoro dve decenije.<\/h2>\n

Hidroelektrane, osim \u0161to proizvode elektri\u010dnu energiju, imaju niz drugih koristi, od za\u0161tite od poplava i obezbe\u0111ivanja vode u su\u0161nim periodima, do navodnjavanja, rekreacije i ekonomskog razvoja lokalnih zajednica. Sa druge strane, hidroelektrane menjaju prirodni tok reka i prave prepreku za ribe.<\/p>\n

Migracije riba podrazumevaju sezonsko kretanje ka mrestili\u0161tima i povratak u ni\u017ee delove reka. Kada se taj put prese\u010de, posledice se brzo odra\u017eavaju na brojnost populacija, raznovrsnost vrsta i ukupno zdravlje re\u010dnog sistema. Zbog toga se riblje staze smatraju jednom od klju\u010dnih mera za ubla\u017eavanje negativnih uticaja hidroenergetskih objekata.<\/p>\n

Riblje staze su specijalizovani prolazi koji ribama omogu\u0107avaju da bezbedno zaobi\u0111u brane. Ovi prolazi moraju biti pa\u017eljivo projektovani<\/a> kako bi ribama omogu\u0107ili da se iz donjeg dela reke ispod prepreke popnu u gornji deo i nastave svoje prirodne migracione puteve.<\/p>\n

\n

Projektovanje i izgradnja ribljih staza moraju biti pa\u017eljivo osmi\u0161ljeni<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Ulaz u riblju stazu mora biti postavljen na mestu koje ribe prirodno prepoznaju, pi\u0161e Na\u0161 stik<\/span><\/span><\/a>. Tako\u0111e, prolaz mora da im omogu\u0107i da sopstvenom snagom savladaju visinsku razliku koju predstavlja brana. To se posti\u017ee posebnim oblikovanjem toka, dubina, bazena i mirnih zona u kojima ribe mogu da se odmore.<\/p>\n

Pored tehni\u010dkih ribljih staza od betona koje imaju niz pregrada i otvora, ove staze mogu imitirati prirodni potok sa me\u0111ubazenima, pragovima, kamenjem i vegetacijom. Izvodljivost zavisi od terena, lokalnih uslova, konstrukcije hidroelektrane i, posebno, od vrsta i potreba riba koje nastanjuju odre\u0111eno podru\u010dje. Kada teren ne dozvoljava pomenuta re\u0161enja, koriste se riblji liftovi, koji podi\u017eu ribe preko prepreke i ispu\u0161taju ih iznad brane.<\/p>\n

Prilikom planiranja staza, projektanti se oslanjaju na studije koje pokazuju vrstu riba, njihovu snagu, koliko dugo mogu da plivaju uzvodno i kakve su im dubine i protoci potrebni za bezbedan prolaz. \u010cesto su u riblje staze uklju\u010deni i posebni elementi, poput odmori\u0161ta i mrestili\u0161ta, gde se ribe tokom migracije mogu i razmno\u017eavati. Efikasnost pojedina\u010dne riblje staze meri se pra\u0107enjem migracija riba, \u0161to podrazumeva monitoring mre\u017eama, elektroizlov, kao i snimanje kamerama.<\/p>\n

U Sloveniji<\/a> je izgradnja ribljih staza zakonska obaveza ve\u0107 skoro dve decenije. Prema Zakonu o slatkovodnom ribarstvu iz 2006. godine, svaki objekat na vodotoku mora omogu\u0107iti prolaz za ribe, u skladu sa zahtevima evropskog zakonodavstva, pre svega Okvirne direktive o vodama. Me\u0111utim, praksa pokazuje da sama izgradnja riblje staze nije dovoljna. Njena funkcionalnost zavisi od redovnog odr\u017eavanja.<\/p>\n

Odr\u017eavanje ribljih staza<\/h3>\n

Nanosi, zapu\u0161enja i promenjeni protoci mogu zatvoriti put ribama koje rekom migriraju ka svojim mrestili\u0161tima. U Sloveniji se ribolova\u010dka dru\u0161tva brinu o odr\u017eavanju ribljih staza.<\/p>\n

Primer dobre prakse dolazi sa donjeg toka Save, gde ribolova\u010dko dru\u0161tvo Sevnica godinama odr\u017eava riblju stazu uz hidroelektranu Arto-Blanca. Predsednik dru\u0161tva Sandi Kosma\u010d sa timom volontera radi na stotine sati godi\u0161nje kako bi prolaz za ribe ostao funkcionalan.<\/p>\n

„To podrazumeva redovno \u010di\u0161\u0107enje, uklanjanje nanosa i stalno odr\u017eavanje, kako bi ribe mogle nesmetano da putuju do svojih prirodnih mrestili\u0161ta“, objasnio je. Kada do\u0111e do ve\u0107ih zahvata u koritu reke, gra\u0111evinskih radova ili remonta, volonteri sprovode elektroizlov, kako ribe ne bi ostale zarobljene i kako bi se populacije sa\u010duvale, dodao je Kosma\u010d.<\/p>\n

Elektroizlov podrazumeva upotrebu slabe elektri\u010dne struje koja ribe privremeno omami, omogu\u0107avaju\u0107i njihovo bezbedno preme\u0161tanje bez trajnih posledica. Takve intervencije sprovode se vi\u0161e puta godi\u0161nje, u zavisnosti od uslova na terenu.<\/p>\n

Kosma\u010d isti\u010de i da migracije riba nisu vezane za samo jednu sezonu. \u201eNeke vrste se mreste u prole\u0107e, druge u jesen. Zato riblje staze moraju biti prohodne tokom cele godine, a ne samo u ograni\u010denom periodu\u201c, kazao je.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Riblje staze omogu\u0107avaju ribama migraciju pored brana hidroelektrana. Moraju biti pa\u017eljivo projektovane i redovno odr\u017eavane.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":88464,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,4],"tags":[1530,655,7037],"class_list":["post-88449","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-obnovljivi-izvori-energije","category-zivotna-sredina","tag-ekosistem","tag-hidroelektrana","tag-riba","country-slovenija"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nRiblje staze: klju\u010dna mera za ubla\u017eavanje negativnih uticaja hidroelektrana<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Riblje staze omogu\u0107avaju ribama migraciju pored brana hidroelektrana. 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