{"id":85925,"date":"2025-10-23T17:05:49","date_gmt":"2025-10-23T15:05:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/balkangreenenergynews.com\/rs\/?p=85925"},"modified":"2025-10-23T17:05:49","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T15:05:49","slug":"kriticne-sirovine-su-nova-nafta-a-evropski-elektronski-otpad-je-rudnik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/balkangreenenergynews.com\/rs\/kriticne-sirovine-su-nova-nafta-a-evropski-elektronski-otpad-je-rudnik\/","title":{"rendered":"Kriti\u010dne sirovine su nova nafta, a evropski elektronski otpad je rudnik"},"content":{"rendered":"

Elektronski otpad u Evropi krije blago od oko milion tona kriti\u010dnih sirovina godi\u0161nje, dovoljno da formira liniju brodskih kontejnera od Pariza do Ciriha. To pokazuje novi izve\u0161taj Perspektive za kriti\u010dne sirovine, projekta FutuRaM, koji je analizirao tokove elektronskog otpada u EU, Velikoj Britaniji, \u0160vajcarskoj, Islandu i Norve\u0161koj. Autori dokumenta upozoravaju da gotovo polovina ovih materijala ostaje nedostupna, a da recikla\u017ea i popravke nude zna\u010dajne mogu\u0107nosti za smanjenje zavisnosti Evrope od uvoza i za podr\u0161ku klimatskim i ekonomskim ciljevima.<\/h2>\n

Kriti\u010dne sirovine<\/a> se sa razlogom nazivaju kriti\u010dnima. Neophodne su za funkcionisanje privrede, a posebno za zelene i digitalne tehnologije, dok sa druge strane postoji rizik u snabdevanju. Njihova proizvodnja i isporuka zavise od malog broja zemalja ili lanaca snabdevanja podlo\u017enih politi\u010dkim, ekonomskim ili ekolo\u0161kim poreme\u0107ajima.<\/p>\n

Na neki na\u010din, kriti\u010dne sirovine su nafta doba u kojem \u017eivimo i u gotovo su svim ure\u0111ajima. Bakar je u kablovima, aluminijum u ku\u0107i\u0161tima, a plemeniti metali<\/a> u ekranima. Male, ali vredne koli\u010dine retkih elemenata, poput paladijuma, neodimijuma i galijuma, nalaze se u laptopovima i mobilnim telefonima.<\/p>\n

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Elektronski i elektri\u010dni otpad je svojevrsni urbani rudnik<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Novi izve\u0161taj pod nazivom Perspektive za kriti\u010dne sirovine, projekta FuturRaM, pokazuje da oko milion tona kriti\u010dnih sirovina u Evropskoj uniji, Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu, \u0160vajcarskoj, Islandu i Norve\u0161koj svake godine zavr\u0161i u otpadu.<\/p>\n

Slikovito prikazano, ova koli\u010dina odgovara te\u017eini 50.000 natovarenih brodskih kontejnera od po 20 tona, koji pore\u0111ani jedan pored drugog mogu da formiraju liniju dugu preko 600 kilometara, \u0161to je jednako rastojanju izme\u0111u Pariza i Ciriha.<\/p>\n

Elektronski i elektri\u010dni otpad je svojevrsni urbani rudnik, kako ga nazivaju u izve\u0161taju. Recikliranjem i popravkama mo\u017ee da se smanji kako potra\u017enja za kriti\u010dnim sirovinama, tako i koli\u010dina otpada. Iskori\u0161\u0107avanjem ovog potencijala, Evropa bi smanjila rizike po bezbednost snabdevanja, stvorila nova radna mesta i doprinela ostvarivanju klimatskih ciljeva.<\/p>\n

U e-otpadu se nalazi \u010dak 29 kriti\u010dnih sirovina<\/h3>\n

Samo 2022. je u regionu obuhva\u0107enom navedenim istra\u017eivanjem generisano 10,7 miliona tona elektri\u010dnog i elektronskog otpada ili oko 20 kilograma po osobi. Deseti deo, odnosno jedan milion tona, \u010dinilo je 29 razli\u010ditih kriti\u010dnih sirovina.<\/p>\n

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Oko 46 odsto elektronskog otpada, odnosno oko pet miliona tona, nije prikupljeno ili obra\u0111eno na propisan na\u010din<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Samo 54 odsto, odnosno 5,7 miliona tona, prikupljeno<\/a> je i obra\u0111eno u skladu sa propisima Evropske unije. U izve\u0161taju se navodi da je ovaj otpad prikupljan preko prodavnica, op\u0161tinskih punktova i komercijalnih sakuplja\u010da, a nakon obrade uspe\u0161no je reciklirano oko 0,4 miliona tona kriti\u010dnih sirovina, me\u0111u kojima su bakar, aluminijum, silicijum, volfram i paladijum, kao i plemeniti metali poput zlata i srebra. Ipak, u opticaj nije vra\u0107eno oko 0,1 milion tona materijala poput neodimijuma, disprozijuma, itrijuma i evropijuma.<\/p>\n

Preostalih 46 odsto elektronskog otpada, pet miliona tona, nije prikupljeno ili obra\u0111eno na propisan na\u010din, \u010dime se pove\u0107ava rizik od gubitka vrednih sirovina i zaga\u0111enja \u017eivotne sredine. Najve\u0107i deo zavr\u0161ava u me\u0161ovitom metalnom i plasti\u010dnom otpadu, na deponijama, u spalionicama, ili se izvozi, \u010desto putem neformalnih ili neregulisanih kanala.<\/p>\n

Najbr\u017ei rast koli\u010dine otpada o\u010dekuje se u kategoriji fotonaponskih panela<\/h3>\n

Izve\u0161taj isti\u010de da \u0107e godi\u0161nja koli\u010dina otpada do 2050. iznosti izme\u0111u 12,5 i 19 miliona tona godi\u0161nje, \u0161to zna\u010di da \u0107e koli\u010dina kriti\u010dnih sirovina u ovom otpadu porasti na od 1,2 do 1,9 miliona tona godi\u0161nje.<\/p>\n

Ove procene zasnovane su na tri scenarija: poslovanje po ustaljenom na\u010dinu, oporavak i cirkularnost. U prva dva scenarija zadr\u017eavaju se sada\u0161nji obrasci potro\u0161nje, \u0161to dovodi do stalnog rasta koli\u010dine generisanog otpada. Nasuprot tome, scenario cirkularnosti pretpostavlja du\u017ei vek trajanja proizvoda, \u010de\u0161\u0107e popravke i ponovnu upotrebu, kao i manji broj novih ure\u0111aja koji ulaze na tr\u017ei\u0161te, \u0161to rezultira znatno manjom koli\u010dinom otpada.<\/p>\n

„\u010cak i ako koli\u010dina e-otpada stagnira u okviru cirkularne ekonomije, koncentracija vrednih materijala u proizvodima poput solarnih panela, punja\u010da za elektri\u010dna vozila i servera \u2013 nastavi\u0107e da raste“, pi\u0161e u izve\u0161taju. Cirkularni pristup donosi dvostruku korist: stabilne koli\u010dine otpada i smanjuje pritisak na \u017eivotnu sredinu i rizike od curenja opasnih materija.<\/p>\n

O\u010dekuje se rast otpada od solarnih panela sa 0,15 miliona tona iz 2022. na dva do 2,2 miliona tona<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

U zavisnosti od politika i efikasnosti recikla\u017ee, Evropa bi do 2050. mogla da povrati izme\u0111u 0,9 i 1,5 miliona tona kriti\u010dnih sirovina godi\u0161nje.<\/p>\n

Iako \u0107e veliki ure\u0111aji, poput ma\u0161ina za pranje ve\u0161a, fri\u017eidera i serverske opreme, i dalje \u010diniti najve\u0107i izvor elektronskog otpada po koli\u010dini, najbr\u017ei rast o\u010dekuje se u kategoriji fotonaponskih panela<\/a>. Njihov udeo u ukupnom otpadu danas je nizak, ali \u0107e se, prema procenama, do 2050. godine pove\u0107ati vi\u0161e od deset puta. O\u010dekuje se rast otpada od solarnih panela sa 0,15 miliona tona, zabele\u017eenih za 2022, na dva do 2,2 miliona tona do 2050. godine.<\/p>\n

E-otpad je nova zlatna \u017eila<\/h3>\n
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Da bi se pove\u0107ala efikasnost i obim recikla\u017ee kriti\u010dnih materijala, potrebno je prikupiti \u0161to vi\u0161e starih ure\u0111aja. U izve\u0161taju se navodi da je neophodno unaprediti projektovanje proizvoda radi lak\u0161eg rastavljanja. Na primer, standardizovani \u0161rafovi i moduli olak\u0161avaju va\u0111enje magneta, plo\u010da, kablova i drugih delova. Tako\u0111e, potrebno je pro\u0161iriti kapacitete za preradu u Evropi i uspostaviti sna\u017enije ekonomske podsticaje za povra\u0107aj kriti\u010dnih sirovina.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n

„Evropa zavisi od tre\u0107ih zemalja za vi\u0161e od 90 odsto kriti\u010dnih sirovina, a reciklira ih tek jedan odsto. Potrebna nam je promena svesti, e-otpad je nova zlatna \u017eila, a recikla\u017ea i geopolitika su sada neraskidivo povezane“, izjavila je evropska komesarka za \u017eivotnu sredinu Jesika Rosval.<\/p>\n

Ekonomske koristi od recikla\u017ee elektronskog otpada su vi\u0161estruke. Ulaganja u nova postrojenja za recikla\u017eu, uklju\u010duju\u0107i hidrometalur\u0161ke tehnologije i urbane rudnike, otvaraju hiljade novih radnih mesta u sakupljanju, popravci i preradi otpada. Time se zadr\u017eava vrednost materijala unutar EU, umesto da se otpad izvozi, \u0161to zna\u010di milijarde evra u materijalima.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Elektronski otpad u Evropi krije blago od oko milion tona kriti\u010dnih sirovina godi\u0161nje, dovoljno da formira liniju brodskih kontejnera od Pariza do Ciriha<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":85949,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,5,4],"tags":[1817,3885,6971,6755,825,5913,966],"class_list":["post-85925","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-obnovljivi-izvori-energije","category-otpad","category-zivotna-sredina","tag-elektricni-i-elektronski-otpad","tag-elektronski-otpad","tag-kriticne-sirovine","tag-ponovna-upotreba","tag-reciklaza","tag-recikliranje","tag-solarni-paneli","country-regioneu"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nKriti\u010dne 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