{"id":84999,"date":"2025-10-01T16:52:35","date_gmt":"2025-10-01T14:52:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/balkangreenenergynews.com\/rs\/?p=84999"},"modified":"2025-10-02T12:53:04","modified_gmt":"2025-10-02T10:53:04","slug":"nauka-otvara-put-ka-efikasnoj-proizvodnji-goriva-od-plastike","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/balkangreenenergynews.com\/rs\/nauka-otvara-put-ka-efikasnoj-proizvodnji-goriva-od-plastike\/","title":{"rendered":"Nauka otvara put ka efikasnoj proizvodnji goriva od plastike"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pretvaranje plastike u gorivo jedan je od na\u010dina na koji nau\u010dnici \u017eele da pobede zaga\u0111enje plastikom. Unapre\u0111enjem procesa pirolize, istra\u017eiva\u010di sa Univerziteta Jejl uspeli su da pretvore 66 odsto tretirane plastike u hemikalije koje se mogu koristiti za goriva.<\/h2>\n

Od dubina Marijanskog rova do Mont Everesta, plastika je svuda. Postala je \u010dak deo geolo\u0161kih slojeva Zemlje. Kineski nau\u010dnici su pre dve godine objavili nau\u010dni rad<\/a> u kom pozivaju na formalno priznavanje nove vrste sedimentne stene – plastistone.<\/em><\/p>\n

Plasti\u010dni kamen, \u0161to bi bio bukvalan prevod, nastao je spajanjem plasti\u010dnog otpada i fragmenata prirodnih stena.<\/p>\n

Mo\u017ee nastati sagorevanjem plastike, kada se istopljena plastika pove\u017ee s kamenom, peskom i drugim materijalima, ili delovanjem talasa, koji utiskuju plastiku u stene, kao i hemijskim reakcijama pod uticajem sunca i erozije. Ove formacije su prvi put uo\u010dene na obali Havaja, a danas su registrovane na pet kontinenata u 11 zemalja.<\/p>\n

\u010covek godi\u0161nje unese do 150.000 plasti\u010dnih \u010destica putem ishrane<\/a>. Pritom, mozak<\/a> odraslog \u010doveka, prema nekim istra\u017eivanjima, u proseku sadr\u017ei jednu ka\u0161i\u010dicu mikroplastike<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Pirolizno ulje – gorivo napravljeno od plastike<\/h3>\n

Plastika je jedan od derivata nafte. S obzirom da svet kaska u borbi protiv zaga\u0111enja ovim materijalom, neki nau\u010dnici okrenuli su se zanimljivoj metodi: pretvaranju plastike u upotrebljivo gorivo.<\/p>\n

Koriste proces pirolize. Materijal se zagreva na visokoj temperaturi bez prisustva kiseonika. Kada temperatura dostigne 900 stepeni Celzijusa, polimeri plastike se raspadaju na molekule ugljovodonika. Neka od tih organskih jedinjenja, sastavljenih od ugljenika i vodonika, mogu da se koriste za gorivo.<\/a><\/p>\n

Navedenim procesom nastaje pirolizno ulje. Rezultati variraju, ali piroliza obi\u010dno pretvara oko 60 procenata obra\u0111ene plastike u tu sirovinu.<\/p>\n

Trenutne metode nisu dovoljno efikasne, a odr\u017eivost u pogledu za\u0161tite \u017eivotne sredine i klime jo\u0161 posebno treba da se postigne i doka\u017ee. Za pobolj\u0161anje procesa naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e se koriste katalizatori \u2013 dodatna jedinjenja i materijali koji pospe\u0161uju reakciju. Istra\u017eiva\u010di sa Univerziteta Jejl su do sada napravili najve\u0107i pomak. Rezultatima testiranja njihove nove tehnike je utvr\u0111eno da se i bez katalizatora proizvede vi\u0161e piroliznog ulja.<\/p>\n

\n

Katalizatori nisu re\u0161enje, skupi su i imaju ograni\u010den vek trajanja<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Ljangbing Hu, jedan od istra\u017eiva\u010da, ocenio je da su katalizatori veoma skupi.<\/p>\n

On i njegov kolega \u0160u Hu obja\u0161njavaju da je klju\u010d njihovog procesa trodimenzionalno od\u0161tampani ugljeni\u010dni reaktor u obliku stuba. Zagreva se pomo\u0107u elektri\u010dne energije, a sastoji se iz tri dela sa porama razli\u010ditih dimenzija.<\/p>\n

Prvi deo ima pore veli\u010dine jednog milimetra, slede\u0107i deo 500 mikrometara, a tre\u0107i 200 nanometara. Kako hemikalije prolaze kroz reaktor, ova hijerarhijska struktura pora igra klju\u010dnu ulogu u kontroli toka reakcije. Na primer, spre\u010dava ve\u0107e molekule da prolaze dalje pre nego \u0161to se dovoljno razlo\u017ee. Osim toga, omogu\u0107ava kontrolu temperature u reaktoru, \u0161to spre\u010dava koksovanje i druge efekte koji mogu da ometaju proces.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n

\"proces
Foto: proces unapre\u0111ene pirolize, Jejl Univerzitet<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/dt>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n

Istra\u017eiva\u010di su ga u testu primenili na uzorku od polietilena – najupotrebljavanije vrste plastike. \u010cak 66 odsto pretvoreno je u hemikalije koje se mogu koristiti za goriva.<\/p>\n

Tim nau\u010dnika je onda poku\u0161ao da proces u\u010dini pogodnim za \u0161iru primenu eksperimenti\u0161u\u0107i sa reaktorom napravljenim od dostupnog materijala \u2013 ugljeni\u010dnog filca, otporne i fleksibilne tkanine. I bez precizno odre\u0111enih pora, postignut je visok prinos, oko 56 odsto.<\/p>\n

„Ovi rezultati su veoma obe\u0107avaju\u0107i i pokazuju veliki potencijal da se sistem primeni u praksi i ponudi realna strategija za pretvaranje plasti\u010dnog otpada u vredne materijale“, rekao je \u0160u Hu.<\/p>\n

Me\u0111utim, iako je postignuta visoka efikasnost, ovaj proces zahteva ogromnu koli\u010dinu energije. Neki stru\u010dnjaci tvrde da je koncept pirolize bajka kojom se naftne i kompanije koje proizvode plastiku slu\u017ee da bi i dalje opravdavale proizvodnju i tro\u0161enje fosilnih goriva. Bilo kako bilo, najbolja plastika<\/a> je ona koja se nikada i ne proizvede.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Unapre\u0111enjem procesa pirolize, istra\u017eiva\u010di sa Jejl Univerziteta, uspeli su da pretvore 66 odsto tretirane plastike u hemikalije koje se mogu koristiti za goriva<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":85013,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,4],"tags":[679,4995],"class_list":["post-84999","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-otpad","category-zivotna-sredina","tag-otpad","tag-plastika","country-svet"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNauka otvara put ka efikasnoj proizvodnji goriva od plastike<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Unapre\u0111enjem procesa pirolize, istra\u017eiva\u010di sa Jejl Univerziteta, uspeli su da 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