{"id":81592,"date":"2025-06-19T19:54:48","date_gmt":"2025-06-19T17:54:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/balkangreenenergynews.com\/rs\/?p=81592"},"modified":"2025-06-19T19:54:48","modified_gmt":"2025-06-19T17:54:48","slug":"srbija-dobila-novi-zakon-o-zastiti-vazduha","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/balkangreenenergynews.com\/rs\/srbija-dobila-novi-zakon-o-zastiti-vazduha\/","title":{"rendered":"Srbija dobila novi Zakon o za\u0161titi vazduha"},"content":{"rendered":"

Narodna skup\u0161tina Republike Srbije usvojila je novi Zakon o za\u0161titi vazduha. Ministarstvo za\u0161tite \u017eivotne sredine tvrdi da taj akt unosi zna\u010dajne novine i nova re\u0161enja za bolji kvalitet i efikasniju za\u0161titu vazduha. Me\u0111utim, brojne organizacije civilnog dru\u0161tva jo\u0161 od januara, kada je zakon stavljen na javnu raspravu, isti\u010du da on ne re\u0161ava su\u0161tinske uzroke zaga\u0111enja, te da zakon deluje kao poku\u0161aj delimi\u010dne harmonizacije s direktivama Evropske unije, a ne kao iskren napor da se pobolj\u0161a kvalitet vazduha.<\/h2>\n

Zakon o za\u0161titi vazduha<\/a> nije menjan od 2009. godine. Nova re\u0161enja su uskla\u0111ena sa regulativom Evropske unije, po re\u010dima ministarke za\u0161tite \u017eivotne sredine Sare Pavkov.<\/p>\n

\n

„Usvajanjem Zakona o za\u0161titi vazduha napravili smo zna\u010dajan korak napred u ovoj oblasti. Nakon dugogodi\u0161nje primene prethodnog zakona i dono\u0161enja drugih propisa, uo\u010dili smo potrebu za unapre\u0111enjem zakona radi uskla\u0111ivanja s evropskim zakonodavstvom“, izjavila je.<\/p>\n

Kao klju\u010dne izmene, Pavkov je istakla profesionalizaciju procesa merenja posebne namene, jasnu razliku izme\u0111u podataka i informacija, ve\u0107u transparentnost kroz sveobuhvatne konsultacije i ve\u0107e u\u010de\u0161\u0107e javnosti u dono\u0161enju kratkoro\u010dnih akcionih planova za kvalitet vazduha.<\/p>\n

„Ono \u0161to je za gra\u0111ane mo\u017eda najva\u017enije: novim zakonom pro\u0161irena je i poo\u0161trena kaznena politika, precizirani su rokovi u kojima nadle\u017eni organi moraju obavestiti javnost o rezultatima merenja zaga\u0111uju\u0107ih materija, a detaljnije su regulisane obaveze i nadle\u017enosti inspektora, \u0161to omogu\u0107ava bolju primenu zakona“, naglasila je ministarka.<\/p>\n

Pavkov je ocenila da je stvoren normativni okvir za efikasniju primenu mera za\u0161tite vazduha u praksi. Osim novog zakona, novina u za\u0161titi vazduha je projekat zamene starih kotlarnica na ugalj i mazut. Vlada je obezbedila sredstva za ovaj projekat uzimanjem kredita od Evropske banke za obnovu i razvoj (EBRD) u vrednosti od 50 miliona dolara.<\/p>\n

Organizacije civilnog dru\u0161tva upozoravaju na nedostatke zakona<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n

Sa druge strane, jo\u0161 od januara, kada je zakon stavljen na javnu raspravu, grupa od 20 nevladinih organizacija upozorava na njegove nedostatke.<\/p>\n

Elizabet Paunovi\u0107 iz Nacionalne ekolo\u0161ke asocijacije (NEA) rekla je u emisiji Probudi se na televiziji Nova da je zakon svakako unapre\u0111enje u odnosu na prethodni. „Me\u0111utim, da smo primenjivali odredbe zakona i podzakonskih akata i programa koje je donela vlada, bilo bi pobolj\u0161anja i sa starim zakonom“, napomenula je.<\/p>\n

Ona je rekla da su ekolo\u0161ke organizacije<\/a> dale primedbe kada je zakon pu\u0161ten na javnu raspravu. Neke od sugestija su usvojene, poput one da se iz zakona ne izbacuje pojam javnost, \u0161to je jako va\u017eno u kontekstu transparentnosti, navela je Paunovi\u0107.<\/p>\n

Novi zakon u Srbiji ne defini\u0161e dozvoljene vrednosti zaga\u0111uju\u0107ih \u010destica<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

U ministarstvu ka\u017eu da je zakon uskla\u0111en sa zakonodavstvom Evropske unije. Me\u0111utim, Paunovi\u0107 je skrenula pa\u017enju na to da je Evropska unija 2024. usvojila novu Direktivu o kvalitetu ambijentalnog vazduha (AAQD), dok je na\u0161 zakon usle\u0111en sa prethodnom direktivom, iz 2008. godine. EU je tako postavila stro\u017ea ograni\u010denja i ciljane vrednosti za zaga\u0111uju\u0107e materije sa ozbiljnim uticajem na zdravlje ljudi, pribli\u017ene vrednostima koje preporu\u010duje Svetska zdravstvena organizacija.<\/p>\n

Novi zakon u Srbiji ne defini\u0161e dozvoljene vrednosti, nego \u0107e biti odre\u0111ene podzakonskim aktima.<\/p>\n

Sporna ta\u010dka na koju su ukazale organizacije jeste lokalni monitoring kvaliteta vazduha. Po slovu zakona, lokalne samouprave mogu samostalno da uspostavljaju mre\u017ee za monitoring u skladu sa sopstvenim mogu\u0107nostima. To zna\u010di da ne\u0107e biti obavezuju\u0107eg, sveobuhvatnog i kontinuiranog pra\u0107enja svih zaga\u0111uju\u0107ih materija u vazduhu.<\/p>\n

Nadle\u017eni organi imaju rok od pet dana da u slu\u010daju ekolo\u0161kog incidenta odlu\u010de da li \u0107e pokrenuti merenja posebne namene<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Odredba koja posebno zabrinjava jeste ona koja predvi\u0111a da u slu\u010daju ekolo\u0161kih incidenata, poput po\u017eara na deponijama, nadle\u017eni organi imaju rok od pet dana da odlu\u010de da li \u0107e pokrenuti merenja posebne namene. U praksi, ovo zna\u010di da merenje mo\u017ee biti sprovedeno tek nakon \u0161to se elimini\u0161e izvor zaga\u0111enja, kada su koncentracije zaga\u0111uju\u0107ih materija<\/a> ve\u0107 vra\u0107ene u dozvoljene granice. „U slu\u010daju nekog ekstremnog trenutnog zaga\u0111enja, treba uraditi ciljana lokalna merenja odmah, da bi se dao pravi javnozdravstveni savet“, upozorila je Paunovi\u0107.<\/p>\n

Novina u zakonu o za\u0161titi vazduha je da se iz njegovog obuhvata izuzimaju pravna lica i preduzetnici koji sprovode aktivnosti i poslove za potrebe odbrane zemlje. Ovom odredbom se mo\u017ee stvoriti prostor za zloupotrebu, jer svako ko dobije potvrdu da je bitan za odbranu zemlje mo\u017ee da zaga\u0111uje.<\/p>\n

Nastavak prakse ignorisanja emisija iz termoelektrana<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Poslednjih godina su u fokusu stare kotlarnice na ugalj i mazut. Zna\u010dajno doprinose zaga\u0111enju, a naro\u010dito u gradovima sa izra\u017eenim prekora\u010denjima emisija \u0161tetnih materija \u2013 Beogradu, Ni\u0161u, Valjevu, Zaje\u010daru, Novom Pazaru i Smederevu. Za njihovu zamenu odobren je ve\u0107 pomenuti kredit EBRD-a.<\/p>\n

Me\u0111utim, veliki broj individualnih lo\u017ei\u0161ta, kao i termoelektrane, koje se retko pominju, izvori su zaga\u0111enja. Paunovi\u0107 se pozvala na podatke Instituta za zdravstvene efekte iz Bostona, prema kojima 26 odsto svih zdravstvenih problema izazvanih \u010desticama PM2.5 poti\u010de od emisija termoelektrana na ugalj u Srbiji i susednim zemljama.<\/p>\n

Zakon taksativno navodi planove i programe koji bi trebalo da budu osnovni instrumenti u za\u0161titi vazduha. Me\u0111u njima je i nacionalni plan za smanjenje emisija iz starih velikih postrojenja, ali se njegovo sprovo\u0111enje ne ure\u0111uje detaljno, \u0161to ostavlja prostor za nastavak prakse ignorisanja emisija iz termoelektrana.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Narodna skup\u0161tina Republike Srbije usvojila je novi Zakon o za\u0161titi vazduha.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":81607,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[1231,6373,7246,7001,6961],"class_list":["post-81592","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zivotna-sredina","tag-kvalitet-vazduha","tag-ministarstvo-zastite-zivotne-sredine","tag-sara-pavkov","tag-vazduh","tag-zagadjen-vazduh","country-srbija"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSrbija dobila novi Zakon o za\u0161titi vazduha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Narodna skup\u0161tina Republike Srbije usvojila je novi Zakon o za\u0161titi vazduha.\" \/>\n<meta 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