{"id":81590,"date":"2025-06-19T13:31:57","date_gmt":"2025-06-19T11:31:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/balkangreenenergynews.com\/rs\/?p=81590"},"modified":"2025-10-30T10:00:44","modified_gmt":"2025-10-30T09:00:44","slug":"termoelektrane-na-ugalj-na-zapadnom-balkanu-2024-zagadjivale-manje-ali-prekoracenja-i-dalje-ogromna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/balkangreenenergynews.com\/rs\/termoelektrane-na-ugalj-na-zapadnom-balkanu-2024-zagadjivale-manje-ali-prekoracenja-i-dalje-ogromna\/","title":{"rendered":"Termoelektrane na ugalj na Zapadnom Balkanu 2024. zaga\u0111ivale manje, ali prekora\u010denja i dalje ogromna"},"content":{"rendered":"

Budu\u0107i da vlasti na Zapadnom Balkanu uporno ne primenjuju zakon, zastarele termoelektrane na ugalj su 2024. u vazduh ispustile \u0161est puta vi\u0161e sumpor-dioksida (SO2) nego \u0161to je dozvoljeno, pi\u0161e u novom izve\u0161taju Usaglasi se ili zatvori. Emisije PM \u010destica (mikroskopske pra\u0161ine) i azotnih oksida (NOx) su u zbiru ponovo prema\u0161ile gornju zakonsku granicu.<\/h2>\n

Koli\u010dine sve tri zaga\u0111uju\u0107e materije iz termoelektrana su zapravo bile najni\u017ee barem od 2018. godine, ali su i najvi\u0161i dozvoljeni nivoi u me\u0111uvremenu sni\u017eeni. Pritom su postrojenja u Srbiji ispustila tre\u0107inu manje SO2 nego 2023, zahvaljuju\u0107i sistemima za odsumporavanje. Koli\u010dinski gledano, taj pad je bio ve\u0107i od ukupnog smanjenja emisija sumpor-dioksida u regionu.<\/h2>\n

U sedmoj godini nakon \u0161to su, u skladu sa Ugovorom o osnivanju Energetske zajednice, na snagu stupili propisi kojima se ograni\u010dava zaga\u0111ivanje vazduha, ukupne emisije SO2 iz termoelektrana na ugalj pokrivenih nacionalnim planovima za smanjenje emisija (NERP-ovima) Bosne i Hercegovine, Kosova*, Severne Makedonije i Srbije bile su \u0161est puta vi\u0161e nego \u0161to je dozvoljeno, objavila je organizacija Bankwatch u svom godi\u0161njem izve\u0161taju Usaglasi se ili zatvori (Comply or Close).<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

Kada se gleda ceo taj region, emisije SO2 su 2024. smanjene 12,1 odsto na 518.248 tona, ali to je samo 14,5 procenata ispod nivoa iz 2018. godine. Limiti su pro\u0161le godine postro\u017eeni, kao i za PM \u010destice i NOx, pa su rezultati tako ispali uglavnom gori.<\/p>\n

BiH postala najve\u0107i zaga\u0111iva\u010d sumpor-dioksidom na Zapadnom Balkanu<\/h3>\n

Termoelektrane iz bosanskohercegova\u010dkog NERP-a su 2024. prvi put ispustile najvi\u0161e SO2 \u2013 ukupno 212.840 tona. To je 17,1 odsto vi\u0161e nego prethodne godine<\/a> i zapanjuju\u0107ih 11,3 puta vi\u0161e od dozvoljenog. Ina\u010de, postrojenje Stanari, izgra\u0111eno 2016, ne spada u ovu grupu. Ta termoelektrana od po\u010detka radi u skladu sa Direktivom o velikim lo\u017ei\u0161tima (LCPD) Evropske unije.<\/p>\n

Srbija je pala na drugo mesto, sa 205.925 tona u okviru NERP-a ili 4,6 puta vi\u0161e od zakonskog limita. Ukupna koli\u010dina emisija SO2 je smanjena 30,1 odsto i bila najni\u017ea barem od 2018. godine. Godi\u0161nje umanjenje u Srbiji je bilo ve\u0107e nego u celokupnom regionu. Ina\u010de, i ta zemlja ima novu termoelektranu na ugalj \u2013 Kostolac B3.<\/a><\/p>\n

Termoelektrana Kostolac B ima sistem za odsumporavanje, ali su joj emisije SO2 pro\u0161le godine bile 2,3 puta ve\u0107e od dozvoljenih<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Do (nedovoljnog) pada emisija SO2 u Srbiji u okviru NERP-ovog mehanizma je do\u0161lo zahvaljuju\u0107i pogonima za odsumporavanje. Treba pomenuti i da su neka od zabele\u017eenih pobolj\u0161anja u regionu, kada je re\u010d o zaga\u0111ivanju vazduha, rezultat smanjenja proizvodnje elektri\u010dne energije.<\/p>\n

Kostolac B je 2024. kona\u010dno po\u010deo da smanjuje emisije upotrebom svog sistema za odsumporavanje, ali je koli\u010dina ipak bila 2,3 puta ve\u0107a od dozvoljene.<\/p>\n

U aprilu 2024. je pu\u0161ten u rad pogon za odsumporavanje u Termoelektrani Nikola Tesla A,<\/a> na blokovima A3-A6. To je bilo 13 godina nakon \u0161to je ugovoreno finansiranje, a ko\u0161tao je 215 miliona evra. No, navedena \u010detiri bloka su 2024. u vazduh ispustila preko dva puta vi\u0161e nego \u0161to je dozvoljeno. Tre\u0107i sistem za odsumporavanje, u TENT-u B, bio je na kraju godine 91 odsto zavr\u0161en.<\/p>\n

Ugljevik odgovoran za vi\u0161e od jedne petine emisija SO2 u regionu, jer se pogon za odsumporavanje ne koristi<\/h3>\n

Ve\u0107 peti put od 2018, najve\u0107i pojedina\u010dni zaga\u0111iva\u010d sumpor-dioksidom na Zapadnom Balkanu bio je Ugljevik<\/a> u BiH. Emisije su porasle na 112.943 tone. U tom postrojenju je jo\u0161 2020. zavr\u0161en sistem za odsumporavanje, ali operator ga ne koristi jer ga to, kako je ranije obrazlo\u017eio, ekonomski optere\u0107uje.<\/a><\/p>\n

Jedini va\u017ean doga\u0111aj 2024. \u0161to se ti\u010de mogu\u0107eg ograni\u010davanja emisija zaga\u0111uju\u0107ih materija bilo je potpisivanje ugovora o izgradnji pogona za odsumporavanje za blokove Kak<\/a>anj 6 i 7,<\/a> navedeno je u dokumentu. Predvi\u0111ena je investicija od skoro 63 miliona evra. Me\u0111utim, autori novog izve\u0161taja ukazali su na sporost u rekonstrukciji Termoelektrane Pljevlja<\/a> u Crnoj Gori, za koju je tako\u0111e zadu\u017een konzorcijum kineskog Dongfanga.<\/p>\n

Pet blokova na ugalj mimo zakona jo\u0161 uvek u pogonu<\/h3>\n

U Pljevljima je jedina termoelektrana na ugalj u Crnoj Gori. To postrojenje nije obuhva\u0107eno NERP-om, nego je bilo u takozvanom opt-aut mehanizmu.<\/a> Po tom okviru, koji je omogu\u0107io izuze\u0107e od propisa o emisijama, trebalo je da se zatvore najmanje i najstarije termoelektrane, ali su rokovi probijeni.<\/p>\n

Prvo su 2020. Pljevlja prekora\u010dila broj dozvoljenih sati, pa od tada rade mimo zakona, a 2022. se isto dogodilo sa i dalje aktivnim postrojenjima Tuzla 4 i Kakanj 5<\/a> u BiH i Morava u Srbiji.<\/a> Kolubara A u Srbiji, peta u toj grupi, trebalo je da bude zatvorena na kraju 2023. godine.<\/p>\n

Sekretarijat Energetske zajednice je protiv navedene tri dr\u017eave pokrenuo nekoliko prekr\u0161ajnih postupaka, ali nijedna nije reagovala kaznama zbog ovih termoelektrana. Osim toga, nemaju jasne, a\u017eurne i realne planove za usagla\u0161avanje s propisima niti za zatvaranje.<\/p>\n

Crna Gora, Srbija i BiH nemaju jasne planove za termoelektrane na ugalj koje su nastavile rad nakon \u0161to im je istekao dozvoljeni broj sati<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

„Mehanizam za prekograni\u010dno prilago\u0111avanje ugljenika (CBAM)<\/a> EU \u0107e za \u0161est meseci kona\u010dno ograni\u010diti izvoz ugljeni\u010dno intenzivne elektri\u010dne energije<\/a> iz zemalja Zapadnog Balkana, time \u0161to \u0107e biti uvedene takse na uvoz u EU. To \u0107e u\u010diniti njihove sve starija, neefikasna postrojenja na ugalj jo\u0161 manje isplativijim. Ali vlasti i elektroprivrede na Balkanu se \u010dine kao da toga nisu svesne i kao da na raspolaganju imaju sve vreme ovog sveta. Hitno su potrebni jasni, izvodljivi planovi“, izjavio je koordinator za energetiku za Balkan u Bankwatchu Davor Peh\u010devski.<\/p>\n

\u0160est postrojenja emitovalo po preko deset puta vi\u0161e sumpor-dioksida od zakonskog limita<\/h3>\n

\u0160est blokova na ugalj u regionu je svoje gornje limite za SO2 prema\u0161ilo vi\u0161e nego desetostruko: Ugljevik, Gacko, Tuzla 6 i Kakanj 7 u BiH, Kostolac A2 u Srbiji i Bitola B1 i B2 u Severnoj Makedoniji.<\/p>\n

Emisije SO2 u Pljevljima su pale 11,1 odsto na 39.140 tona, \u0161to je bio najni\u017ei nivo barem od 2018. godine. Ta termoelektrana je ispustila 793 tone mikroskopske pra\u0161ine, \u0161to je bilo najvi\u0161e do sada u pra\u0107enom periodu osim 2023, kada je dostignut rekord, 1.130 tona. Emisije NOx su pale 7,5 odsto na 3.682 tone. Nivo ove materije je samo jedne godine od proteklih sedam bio ni\u017ei od toga.<\/p>\n

Gacko prvo na listi po emisijama PM \u010destica<\/h3>\n

Termoelektrane na ugalj iz NERP-ova u regionu su emitovale 1,9 puta vi\u0161e mikroskopske pra\u0161ine nego \u0161to je dozvoljeno. Koli\u010dina je pro\u0161le godine blago smanjena, ali je i dalje blizu nivoa iz 2018. godine.<\/p>\n

Najve\u0107i zaga\u0111iva\u010d je bilo Gacko u BiH. To postrojenje je u vazduh ispustilo 3.339 tona PM \u010destica, 13,7 puta vi\u0161e nego \u0161to joj je dozvoljeno. Nakon lokalnih protesta, na jesen 2023. su najavljene mere za smanjenje, ali su emisije ove zaga\u0111uju\u0107e materije pro\u0161le godine pove\u0107ane, pokazuju novi podaci. Ukupna koli\u010dina pra\u0161ine u BiH je smanjena tre\u0107i put zaredom i iznosila 4.146 tona. Emisije te vrste su bile najve\u0107e 2021. godine, 6.040 tona.<\/p>\n

Srbija je jedina zemlja u regionu \u010dije su emisije PM \u010destica u skladu s propisima<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Ukupna koli\u010dina azotnih oksida u regionu je bila 1,4 puta ve\u0107a od dozvoljene, nakon \u0161to je 2023. limit prema\u0161en 1,3 puta. BiH, Kosovo* i Srbija i dalje imaju emisije NOx iznad granice, a najve\u0107i emiter je TENT B \u2013 12.418 tona.<\/p>\n

Kosovo je u relativnom smislu zabele\u017eilo najve\u0107e prekora\u010denje, 3,1 put iznad limita. Nedavno su po\u010deli radovi na rekonstrukciji i modernizaciji jednog od dva bloka u termoelektrani Kosovo B.<\/a><\/p>\n

Severna Makedonija je jedina zemlja u kojoj je ispo\u0161tovan propis o azotnim oksidima. Srbija jedina ima emisije PM \u010destica ispod gornje dozvoljene granice.<\/p>\n

„Pro\u0161irenje EU je ponovo na agendi, ali surova realnost je da vlasti na Zapadnom Balkanu ne pokazuju nikakvu zainteresovanost za zdravlje ljudi, niti za \u017eivotnu sredinu. Umesto da odlu\u010dno reaguje na ova hroni\u010dna prekora\u010denja, Evropska komisija je nedavno dala strate\u0161ki prioritet rudniku litijuma Jadar<\/a> u Srbiji\u00a0nagradiv\u0161i re\u017eim za to \u0161to ne uspostavlja vladavinu zakona. To treba da se promeni, i to brzo“, poru\u010dila je Pipa Galop, koja je u organizaciji Bankwatch zadu\u017eena za evropske energetske zakone i propise.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zastarele termoelektrane na ugalj u regionu su 2024. u vazduh ispustile \u0161est puta vi\u0161e sumpor-dioksida (SO2) nego \u0161to je dozvoljeno<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":81596,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[504,4],"tags":[1713,669,6650,5361,5881,1231,6651,5015,2597,5147,2788,5357,690,2601,2103,4933,6784,5967,3441,5921],"class_list":["post-81590","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-elektricna-energija","category-zivotna-sredina","tag-bankwatch","tag-elektricna-energija","tag-kolubara-a","tag-kostolac","tag-kostolac-a","tag-kvalitet-vazduha","tag-morava","tag-nerp","tag-odsumporavanje","tag-te-gacko","tag-te-kakanj","tag-te-pljevlja","tag-tent","tag-termoelektrana-nikola-tesla","tag-termoelektrana-pljevlja","tag-termoelektrane","tag-termoelektrane-na-ugalj","tag-ugljevik","tag-zagadenost-vazduha","tag-zivotna-sredina","country-regioneu"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nTermoelektrane 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