{"id":80801,"date":"2025-05-28T18:09:14","date_gmt":"2025-05-28T16:09:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/balkangreenenergynews.com\/rs\/?p=80801"},"modified":"2025-05-28T18:09:14","modified_gmt":"2025-05-28T16:09:14","slug":"rekordan-gubitak-2024-na-planeti-nestalo-67-miliona-hektara-prasuma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/balkangreenenergynews.com\/rs\/rekordan-gubitak-2024-na-planeti-nestalo-67-miliona-hektara-prasuma\/","title":{"rendered":"Rekordan gubitak 2024: na planeti nestalo 6,7 miliona hektara pra\u0161uma"},"content":{"rendered":"

Prema najnovijim podacima GLAD laboratorije Univerziteta Merilend, objavljenim na platformi Global Forest Watch Svetskog instituta za resurse (WRI), pro\u0161le godine je zabele\u017een najve\u0107i gubitak \u0161umskih podru\u010dja u istoriji. Prvi put do sada, veliki po\u017eari su istovremeno besneli i u tropskim i u borealnim \u0161umama, \u0161to je rezultiralo emisijama 4,1 milijarde tona gasova sa efektom staklene ba\u0161te.<\/h2>\n

Pra\u0161ume su jedan od najva\u017enijih \u0161umskih ekosistema<\/a> \u2013 klju\u010dne su za egzistenciju, skladi\u0161tenje ugljenika, snabdevanje vodom i o\u010duvanje biodiverziteta. Ipak, one ubrzano nestaju. U tropskim predelima je 2024. izgubljeno jevi\u0161e od 6,7 miliona hektara pra\u0161ume \u2013 gotovo dvostruko vi\u0161e nego prethodne godine. Pra\u0161ume su nestajale brzinom od 18 fudbalskih terena u minutu.<\/p>\n

Mnogi istra\u017eiva\u010di upozoravaju da se pojedine \u0161ume, me\u0111u kojima su delovi Amazona, pribli\u017eavaju ta\u010dki nakon koje bi mogle trajno da nestanu. Profesor Metju Hansen, kodirektor GLAD laboratorije, nove rezultate<\/a> opisuje kao \u201ezastra\u0161uju\u0107e\u201c i upozorava na rizik da tropske \u0161ume odumiru i postanu savane.<\/p>\n

U 2024, najtoplijoj godini u istoriji, ekstremno topli i suvi uslovi, uzrokovani klimatskim promenama i prirodnim fenomenom El Ninjo, doveli su do ve\u0107ih i razornijih po\u017eara. Iako se po\u017eari prirodno javljaju u odre\u0111enim ekosistemima, u tropskim \u0161umama gotovo uvek nastaju kao posledica ljudske aktivnosti.<\/p>\n

Gubici pra\u0161ume nevezani za po\u017eare tako\u0111e su porasli, i to za 14 odsto. Do sada je glavni uzrok bila poljoprivreda<\/a>, ali su 2024. po\u017eari postali vode\u0107i uzrok i \u010dine gotovo polovinu.<\/p>\n

Nagli porast gubitka pra\u0161ume u Latinskoj Americi<\/h3>\n

Najve\u0107i deo Amazonije nalazi se u Brazilu, koji je pro\u0161le godine pogodila najintenzivnija su\u0161a u poslednjih 70 godina. Dovela jedo velikog broja po\u017eara, a na Brazil otpada \u010dak 42 odsto ukupnih gubitaka pra\u0161uma. Osim po\u017eara, zna\u010dajan uticaj imalo je kr\u010denje \u0161uma zbog uzgoja soje i \u0161irenja sto\u010darstva.<\/p>\n

Bolivija se na\u0161la na drugom mestu po gubitku pra\u0161uma. Ve\u0107inu po\u017eara izazvalo je namerno spaljivanje zemlji\u0161ta za potrebe sto\u010darstva i uzgoja useva poput soje, kukuruza i \u0161e\u0107erne trske. Oko 57 odsto deforestacije u ovoj zemlji povezano je sa sto\u010darstvom.<\/p>\n

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Foto: 10 zemalja sa najve\u0107im gubitkom pra\u0161uma, pore\u0111enje 2023. i 2024. godine,<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Poput Brazila, i Bolivija je bila pogo\u0111ena jakom su\u0161om. Gotovo 12 odsto teritorije zemlje je izgorelo, uklju\u010duju\u0107i velike \u0161umske povr\u0161ine. Zbog nedostatka sistema ranog upozoravanja i neadekvatne opreme, najte\u017ee su pogo\u0111ene ruralne zajednice.<\/p>\n

Jedina svetla ta\u010dka u zemlji bila je teritorija \u010caragva Ijambae, kojom upravljaju domoroda\u010dke zajednice. Ve\u0107 drugu godinu zaredom, ova zajednica je bila uspe\u0161na u spre\u010davanju \u0161irenja po\u017eara, zahvaljuju\u0107i ulaganjima u sisteme ranog upozoravanja i strogoj kontroli upotrebe zemlji\u0161ta. To pokazuje potencijal lokalnog, domoroda\u010dkog upravljanja za o\u010duvanje \u0161uma.<\/p>\n

I u drugim zemljama Latinske Amerike u 2024. godini je zabele\u017een nagli porast gubitka pra\u0161uma, najvi\u0161e zbog po\u017eara izazvanih ekstremnom su\u0161om. U dr\u017eavama poput Belizea, Gvatemale, Gvajane i Meksika, po\u017eari su odgovorni za vi\u0161e od 60 odsto. Meksiko i Nikaragva su se na\u0161li me\u0111u deset zemalja s najve\u0107im gubicima tropskih \u0161uma.<\/p>\n

Gvajana, koja je ranije imala niske stope, zabele\u017eila je \u010dak \u010detiri puta ve\u0107i gubitak nego prethodne godine. Osim po\u017eara, zna\u010dajan faktor je ilegalno rudarstvo, koje ugro\u017eava starosedela\u010dke teritorije i doprinosi \u0161irenju bolesti poput malarije.<\/p>\n

U Kolumbiji je gubitak \u0161uma porastao za gotovo 50 odsto godinu za godinom, a glavni uzrok je prekid mirovnih pregovora, \u0161to je omogu\u0107ilo \u0161irenje ilegalnog rudarstva i uzgoja koke.<\/p>\n

Gubitak \u0161uma u Africi i Aziji<\/h3>\n

Demokratska Republika Kongo (DRK) i Republika Kongo zabele\u017eile su rekordne gubitke \u0161ume, uzrokovane se\u010dom drve\u0107a za \u0107umur, poljoprivredom, tradicionalnom obradom zemlji\u0161ta i po\u017earima. Situaciju dodatno pogor\u0161avaju siroma\u0161tvo i sukobi. DRK je jedna od najsiroma\u0161nijih dr\u017eava sveta, a mnoge zajednice zavise od \u0161umskih resursa. Sukobi i raseljavanja primoravaju ljude da kr\u010de \u0161ume kako bi pre\u017eiveli, dok pobunjeni\u010dke grupe kontroli\u0161u lanac snabdevanja drvenim ugljem i rudnicima.<\/p>\n

\n

Indonezija i Malezija su 2024. smanjile gubitke \u0161ume<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Jedina svetla ta\u010dka pro\u0161le godine bila je jugoisto\u010dna Azija. Indonezija i Malezija su 2024. smanjile gubitak za 11 odnosno 13 odsto. Ipak, i dalje postoji zabrinutost zbog \u0161irenja planta\u017ea i rudarskih projekata, a naro\u010dito u Indoneziji, gde nova vlada promovi\u0161e prehrambenu i energetsku nezavisnost.<\/p>\n

Van tropskih regiona, \u0161umski po\u017eari su imali veliki uticaj i na druga podru\u010dja\u2013 naro\u010dito u Kanadi i Rusiji, koje su izgubile po 5,2 miliona hektara u 2024. godini. Pro\u0161le godine, prvi put otkako se vodi evidencija, veliki po\u017eari su istovremeno besneli i u tropskim i u borealnim \u0161umama, \u0161to je rezultiralo emisijama od 4,1 gigatona gasova sa efektom staklene ba\u0161te. Pore\u0111enja radi, to je \u010detiri puta vi\u0161e emisija nego 2023. iz avio-saobra\u0107aja.<\/p>\n

\n

Izostaje politi\u010dka volja za zaustavljanje gubitka \u0161uma<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Visoki predstavnici vi\u0161e od 140 zemalja potpisali su 2021. godine Deklaraciju lidera iz Glazgova, kojom su se obavezali da \u0107e zaustaviti i preokrenuti gubitak \u0161uma do 2030. Me\u0111utim, \u010detiri godine kasnije smo daleko od tog cilja. \u010cak 17 od 20 zemalja s najve\u0107im povr\u0161inama pod \u0161umama bele\u017ee ve\u0107e gubitke nego u vreme potpisivanja sporazuma.<\/p>\n

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Stru\u010dnjaci ka\u017eu da su re\u0161enja za zaustavljanje ovog negativnog trenda poznata i uklju\u010duju podr\u0161ku lancima snabdevanja koji ne podsti\u010du kr\u010denje \u0161uma, bolje sprovo\u0111enje trgovinskih propisa i pove\u0107ano finansiranje za\u0161tite \u0161uma i mera za prevenciju po\u017eara. Me\u0111utim, politi\u010dka volja za njihovu primenu i dalje nedostaje.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n

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Pro\u0161le godine je u tropskim predelima izgubljeno vi\u0161e od 6,7 miliona hektara pra\u0161ume \u2013 gotovo dvostruko vi\u0161e nego 2023.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":80829,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5253,5909,4],"tags":[1689,766,6614,6476,6478,6547,5921],"class_list":["post-80801","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biodiverzitet","category-klimatske-promene","category-zivotna-sredina","tag-gasovi-sa-efektom-staklene-baste","tag-klimatske-promene","tag-pozari","tag-suma","tag-susa","tag-tropske-prasume","tag-zivotna-sredina","country-svet"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nRekordan gubitak 2024: na planeti nestalo 6,7 miliona 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