{"id":79149,"date":"2025-04-04T16:29:27","date_gmt":"2025-04-04T14:29:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/balkangreenenergynews.com\/rs\/?p=79149"},"modified":"2025-04-08T16:30:08","modified_gmt":"2025-04-08T14:30:08","slug":"reciklaza-solarnih-panela-kao-kljucni-izazov-buducnosti-za-bih","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/balkangreenenergynews.com\/rs\/reciklaza-solarnih-panela-kao-kljucni-izazov-buducnosti-za-bih\/","title":{"rendered":"Recikla\u017ea solarnih panela kao klju\u010dni izazov budu\u0107nosti za BiH"},"content":{"rendered":"

Autorke: Send\u017eana Musli\u0107 Privredna komora FBiH i Jasmina D\u017eaferovi\u0107 Elektroprivreda BiH.<\/em><\/p>\n

Bosna i Hercegovina bele\u017ei rast upotrebe solarne energije, ali s porastom broja instaliranih panela raste i koli\u010dina otpada koji \u0107e se u narednim decenijama morati da se zbrine. Uprkos ekolo\u0161kim prednostima solarne energije, recikla\u017ea panela predstavlja ozbiljan izazov za koji BiH jo\u0161 nema adekvatnu infrastrukturu ni regulativu, dok potencijal za ekonomski razvoj i za\u0161titu \u017eivotne sredine ostaje nedovoljno iskori\u0161\u0107en.<\/h2>\n

Brzorastu\u0107i izvor solarne energije je prisutan proteklih nekoliko godina u Bosni i Hercegovini. Obzirom da su obnovljivi izvori energije postali pristupa\u010dniji vi\u0161e nego ikad, samim tim je dovelo i do eksponencijalnog pove\u0107anja solarne energije.<\/p>\n

Prema podacima Agencije za statitiku BiH najvu\u0107u ekspanziju na\u0161a zemlja je do\u017eivjela 2022. godine, kada se uvezlo 45.588.795, 69 BAM vrijednosti panela, ukupne mase 4.384.363 kg. Prva solarna elektrana<\/a> koja je ujedno i pionirski projekat u BiH, otvorena je u martu 2012. godine u Kalesiji, snage 120 kilovata, a solarni paneli se nalaze na 1.200 metara kvadratnih.<\/p>\n

Iako solarni paneli bezjedno proizvode elektri\u010dnu energiju bez ikakvih emisija u vazduh, kao i svaki izvor energije, postoji otpad koji se mora pravilno reciklirati. Rastom tr\u017ei\u0161ta solarnih fotonaponskih (PV), raste i koli\u010dina panela na kraju \u017eivotnog vijeka. Ali nedostaje specijalisti\u010dka infrastruktura za njihovo odlaganje i recikliranje.<\/p>\n

\u017divotni vijek solarnih panela je od 20 do 30 godina. Tri zemlje sa najve\u0107im akumuliranim otpadom od PV panela predvi\u0111a se da \u0107e biti Kina, Njema\u010dka i Japan do 2030. godine.<\/p>\n

Recikla\u017ea solarnih panela smanjuje eksplotaciju prirodnih resursa<\/h3>\n

Recikla\u017ea solarnih panela osim \u0161to \u0107e smanjiti uticaj na okoli\u0161, pru\u017ea i veliki zna\u010daj \u0161to se ti\u010de same ekonomske koristi. Ponovnim kori\u0161tenjem materijala poput silicijuma, aluminijuma, srebra i bakra iz starih panela, proizvo\u0111a\u010di \u0107e smanjiti tro\u0161kove nabavke sirovine. To sve mo\u017ee uticati i na povoljnije cijene za krajnje korisnike.<\/p>\n

Recikla\u017ea poma\u017ee u smanjenju eksplotacije prirodnih resursa, \u0161to mo\u017ee ubla\u017eiti dodatni pritisak i smanjiti ekolo\u0161ki otisak proizvodnje solarnih panela. Ulaganje u unapre\u0111enje recikla\u017enih tehnologija za solarne panele otvara nov ekonomska tr\u017ei\u0161ta i stavara radna mjesta u industriji recikla\u017ee, dodatno podsti\u010di ekonomski rast i odr\u017eivi razvoj.<\/p>\n

Prema navodima IRENA, postoji nekoliko scenarija ranog gubitka kao \u0161to su:<\/p>\n

Scenario standardnog gubitka: Prilikom starenja panela, njihova energetska proizvodnja opada, na kraju pada do ispod praga odr\u017eivog kori\u0161tenja. Na kraju \u017eivotnog vijeka u ovom sceriju uklju\u010duje dekomisiju i odlaganje panela, sa fokusom na recikla\u017eu sve u cilju da bi se povratili vrijedni dijelovi poput silicijuma i srebra, sve u svrhu za\u0161tite okoli\u0161a. Sistemi za recikla\u017eu i upravljanje otpadom igraju klju\u010dnu ulogu u upravljanju iskori\u0161tenim panelima, fokusiraju\u0107i se na povrat osnovnih materijala i smanjenje ekolo\u0161kog rizika.<\/p>\n

Scenario ranog gubitka: Ovaj scenario se bavi smanjenjem efikasnosti prije nego \u0161to paneli dostignu predvi\u0111eni \u017eivotni vijek, klasifikovnih u tri faze \u201enovoro\u0111enih\u201c, \u201esrednjeg vijeka\u201c,\u00a0 i \u201etro\u0161enja\u201c.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Prva faza se javlja obi\u010dno unutar prve \u010detiri godine, a vrlo \u010desto u prvoj godini nakon instalacije;<\/li>\n
  • Druga faza se javlja izme\u0111u pete i jedanaeste godine;<\/li>\n
  • Tre\u0107a faza po\u010dinje od dvanaeste godine pa nadalje, sve do predvi\u0111enog kraja \u017eivotnog vijeka do 30. godina.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Svi preuranjeni otkazi mogu dovesti do pove\u0107anje proizvodnje otpada i predstavlja jedan od klju\u010dnih problema u upravljanju otpadom.<\/p>\n

    Obja scenarija nagovje\u0161tavaju opadanje efikasnosti panela tokom vremena, sa minimalnim operativnim \u017eivotnim vijekom od 25-30 godina. Zbog dugog \u017eivotnog vijeka nije postojala do sada tolika zabrinutost.<\/p>\n

    BiH treba da usvoji konkretne zakone i regulative koje se odnose na recikla\u017eu solarnih panela<\/h3>\n

    Solarni paneli sadr\u017ee toksi\u010dne metale poput olova, koji mogu o\u0161tetiti nervni sistem, kao i kadmijum, poznat kao vrlo toksi\u010dan i kancerogen. Ispiranjem iz deponija e-otpada mogu zna\u010dajno uticati na zaga\u0111enje okoli\u0161a i predstavljaju veliku prijetnju ljudskom zdravlju.<\/p>\n

    Evropska unije, u julu 2012. godine zavni\u010dno je izvr\u0161ila izmjenu direktive o otpadu elektri\u010dne i ekekronske opreme (WEEE), dodaju\u0107i PV komponente kao otpadne elektronske ure\u0111aje, koji \u0107e biti uklju\u010deni u deset kategorija WEEE. Solani PV bi\u0107e dio sisema za upravljanja elektronskim otpadom i moraju biti prikupljeni i reciklirani.<\/p>\n

    U Bosni i Hercegovini (Federacija BiH, RS i Br\u010dko distrikt) postoje odre\u0111ene smjernice i regulative koje se odnose na upravljanje otpadom, uklju\u010duju\u0107i i elektronski otpad, \u0161to mo\u017ee obuhvatiti i solarne panele na kraju njihovog \u017eivotnog ciklusa. Obzirom na navedenu ekspanziju BiH (Federacija BiH, RS i Br\u010dko distrikt) bi trebala usvojiti konkretne konkretne zakone i regulative koje se odnose na recikla\u017eu solarnih panela, uspostava saranje sa me\u0111unarodnim organizacijama po ovom pitanju, kako bi mogli pratiti i implementirati najbolje prakse iz EU, pru\u017eiti podr\u0161ku daljim istra\u017eivanjima i inovacijama, podizanje javne svijesti, obavezivanje proizvo\u0111a\u010da na ekolo\u0161ku odgovornost i dr.<\/p>\n

    Odr\u017eivo upravljanje panelima na kraju \u017eivotnog vijeka je novo nastalo podru\u010dje koje zahteva dalja istra\u017eivanja i razvoj.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Bosna i Hercegovina bele\u017ei rast upotrebe solarne energije, ali s porastom broja instaliranih panela raste i koli\u010dina otpada koji \u0107e se u narednim decenijama morati da se zbrine<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":79164,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,5,484,4],"tags":[1817,912,647,679,363,825,898,966,5921],"class_list":["post-79149","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-obnovljivi-izvori-energije","category-otpad","category-u-fokusu","category-zivotna-sredina","tag-elektricni-i-elektronski-otpad","tag-elektroprivreda-bih","tag-obnovljivi-izvori-energije","tag-otpad","tag-pv","tag-reciklaza","tag-solarna-energija","tag-solarni-paneli","tag-zivotna-sredina","country-bosna-i-hercegovina"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nRecikla\u017ea solarnih panela kao klju\u010dni izazov budu\u0107nosti za BiH<\/title>\n<meta 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