{"id":77897,"date":"2025-02-25T14:32:40","date_gmt":"2025-02-25T13:32:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/balkangreenenergynews.com\/rs\/?p=77897"},"modified":"2025-02-28T16:24:22","modified_gmt":"2025-02-28T15:24:22","slug":"solarni-paneli-i-toplotne-pumpe-kombinacija-za-smanjenje-troskova-grejanja-40-odsto","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/balkangreenenergynews.com\/rs\/solarni-paneli-i-toplotne-pumpe-kombinacija-za-smanjenje-troskova-grejanja-40-odsto\/","title":{"rendered":"Solarni paneli i toplotne pumpe – kombinacija za smanjenje tro\u0161kova grejanja 40 odsto"},"content":{"rendered":"

Iako se zima jo\u0161 ne da, pro\u0161lo je dovoljno hladnih dana da mogu da se naprave prve ra\u010dunice koliko je ko\u0161talo grejanje ove sezone. Primer vlasnika doma\u0107instva sa solarnom elektranom na krovu u Srbiji daje zanimljivu ra\u010dunicu. Kori\u0161\u0107enje inverter klima-ure\u0111aja, koji su vrsta toplotnih pumpi, u kombinaciji sa kotlom na prirodni gas smanjilo je ra\u010dun za grejanje oko 40 odsto u odnosu na upotrebu samo kotlova na gas, ugalj i drvo.<\/h2>\n

Nenad Mari\u010di\u0107 je me\u0111u prvima u Srbiji<\/a> instalirao solarne panele za proizvodnu elektri\u010dne energije za sopstvenu potro\u0161nju na krovu ku\u0107e u Rumi i postao prozjumer (kupac-proizvo\u0111a\u010d)<\/a>. Investicija se vrlo brzo pokazalo kao pun pogodak jer su mu ra\u010duni za struju manji 30-70 odsto<\/a>, ali hteo je da smanji i tro\u0161kove grejanja.<\/p>\n

Za grejanje ku\u0107e od 150 kvadrata koristio je drvo, ugalj i prirodni gas, ta\u010dnije kotlove na ugalj\/drvo i prirodni gas. S obzirom da je instalirao solarne panele i tokom godine proizvodi vi\u0161e struje nego \u0161to su mu godi\u0161nje potrebe, odlu\u010dio je da taj vi\u0161ak struje iskoristi za grejanje.<\/p>\n

Izbor je pao na inverter-klime, koje u su\u0161tini predstavljaju toplotne pumpe. Instalirao je dve, snage 18 btu, pa za grejanje sada koristi 60 odsto njih, a 40 odsto kotao na gas.<\/p>\n

„Kada sam koristio gas mese\u010dni ra\u010dun je bio 21.000 dinara, u slu\u010daju drveta i uglja biloje i vi\u0161e, a sada je bezmalo 13.000“, isti\u010de Mari\u010di\u0107.<\/p>\n

\"grejanje<\/p>\n

Ugradnja inverter-klima smanjila je potro\u0161nju energije sa 3.820 kWh na 2.400 kWh. Njegova ra\u010dunica<\/a> pokazuje da je kori\u0161\u0107enje kombinacije klima i gasa jeftinije od kori\u0161\u0107enja gasa, drveta i uglja. Upotreba samo inverter klima, bez gasa, je jo\u0161 povoljnija, i smanjuje potro\u0161nju na 1.530 kWh.<\/p>\n

Za ra\u010dunicu je va\u017eno znati da je koristio kotao na gas sa efikasno\u0161\u0107u od 95 odsto i kotao na \u010dvrsto gorivo sa 65 odsto efikasnosti. Ku\u0107a ima visoke plafone, neizolovane, ali debele zidove i zamenjenu stolariju.<\/p>\n

Treba ista\u0107i da u\u0161teda ne bi bila ista kod onih koji nemaju solarnu elektranu, ta\u010dnije sopstvenu proizvodnju struje. Naime, on je za rad klima koristio struju koju je sam proizveo, a kada je od EPS-a povla\u010dio energiju koju im je ranije isporu\u010dio obra\u010dunata cena je bila pet dinara po kilovat-satu, uklju\u010duju\u0107i sve takse, poreze, akcizu. Ta cena va\u017ei samo za one koji sami proizvode struju u solarnim panelima.<\/p>\n

Klasi\u010dne toplotne pumpe donose jo\u0161 ve\u0107u u\u0161tedu, ali i investiciju<\/h3>\n

Naravno, promena koju je napravio zahteva novac. Kupovina i postavljanje dve inverter-klime ga je ko\u0161tala oko 200.000 dinara. S obzirom da se one koriste i leti za hla\u0111enje jasno je da \u0107e se ta investicija isplatiti br\u017ee. Mari\u010di\u0107 podse\u0107a da investicija u solarne panele trenutno ko\u0161ta 800-1.000 evra po kilovatu snage i da se u proseku isplati za manje od \u0161est godina. On je instalirao elektranu snage 7,36 kW.<\/p>\n

Danas se, dodaje, klime nabavljaju zbog hla\u0111enja, a niko ne prepoznaje taj potencijal za grejanje, ako se ulo\u017ei 25-30 odsto vi\u0161e. Naime, obi\u010dan klima-ure\u0111aj, snage 18 btu, ko\u0161ta oko 50.000 dinara, a inverter klima oko 75.000, dok je cena ugradnje ista.<\/p>\n

Smanjenje ra\u010duna sa 21 hiljade na pet ipo hiljada dinara<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Tema za razmi\u0161ljanje su klasi\u010dne toplotne pumpe tipa vazduh-voda ili zemlja-voda. On isti\u010de da je koeficijent efikasnosti (eng. coeficient of performance – COP) inverter-klima u realnosti 2,5, \u0161to zna\u010di da se za za jedan kilovat-sat elektri\u010dne energije dobije 2,5 kilovat-sati toplotne energije. Taj koeficijent je ve\u0107i kod klasi\u010dnih toplotnih pumpi i u proseku je 3,5, \u0161to zna\u010di da bi njihovo instaliranje bilo jo\u0161 efikasnije od instaliranja klima-ure\u0111aja. I jo\u0161 bi smanjilo tro\u0161kove grejanja. Naravno, investicija je ve\u0107a, 3-5 hiljada evra.<\/p>\n

Kada se podvu\u010de crta, potro\u0161nja energije prilikom kori\u0161\u0107enja kotlova na gas, drvo i ugalj bila je oko 3.800 kWh, upotrebom inverter klima i kotla na gas oko 2.400 kWh, kori\u0161\u0107enjem samo inverter klima 1.530 kWh, a u slu\u010daju ugradnje klasi\u010dnih toplotnih pumpi bila bi oko 1.100 kWh. U iznosu ra\u010duna to zna\u010di pad sa 21.000, na 13.000, na 7.700 i na samo 5.500 dinara.<\/p>\n

Bolje je sagorevanje malo vi\u0161e uglja u termoelektranama, nego u individualnim lo\u017ei\u0161tima<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Mari\u010di\u0107 isti\u010de da je su glavni argumenti protivnika instalacije solarnih panela za sopstvenu potro\u0161nju, odnosno prozjumera, bili da \u0107e oni dosta energije gurati u sistem leti, a zimi \u0107e dosta povla\u010diti za neefikasno grejanje na struju, pa \u0107e se opet u EPS-ovim termoelektranam goreti vi\u0161e uglja.<\/p>\n

„Niko nije gledao da grejanje mo\u017ee da bude efikasno kori\u0161\u0107enjem toplotnih pumpi. Mo\u017eda je i bolje da se malo vi\u0161e uglja izgori u centralizovanom sistemu u EPS-ovim termoelektranama, gde imamo sisteme za odsumporavanje, izdvajanje azotnih i sumpornih oksida, umesto da se ugalj ili drvo spaljuju u individualnim lo\u017ei\u0161tima, koja su glavni izvor zaga\u0111enja vazduha u urbanim sredinama“, isti\u010de Mari\u010di\u0107.<\/p>\n

Smanjeno zaga\u0111enje vazduha<\/h3>\n

Njegov primer pokazuje i kakav je uticaj na\u010dina grejanja doma\u0107instva na kvalitet vazduha. Naime, Mari\u010di\u0107u je posle prelaska na gas ostala odre\u0111ena koli\u010dina drveta, pa je re\u0161io da je jednog hladnog dana iskoristi. Drvo je lo\u017eeno u periodu od 3-7 sati, a mera\u010d zaga\u0111enja vazduha se nalazi u njegovom dvori\u0161tu na dvadesetak metara od samog lo\u017ei\u0161ta.<\/p>\n

Prva slika su suspendovane \u010destice PM10, a druga PM2,5. Za vazduh odli\u010dnog kvaliteta se ka\u017ee da su vrednosti \u010destica PM10 manje od 20 mikrograma po kubnom metaru, a za PM 2,5 manje od 10 mikrograma.<\/p>\n

\"grejanje \"grejanje<\/p>\n

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Ideal zagovornika solarne energije je ku\u0107a koja bi u solarnim panelima proizvodila dovoljno elektri\u010dne energije za sve potrebe, uklju\u010duju\u0107i grejanje i hla\u0111enje toplotnim pumpama, kao i punjenje elektri\u010dnog automobila, naravno uz kori\u0161\u0107enje baterija.<\/p>\n

Na pitanje da li namerava da potpuno pre\u0111e na toplotne pumpe, Mari\u010di\u0107 odgovara da se to ne isplati jer bi mu bile potrebne jo\u0161 \u010detiri inverter klime za sobe u kojima su radijatori. Ipak, njegov potez, kako ka\u017ee, jeste korak ka pomenutom idealu, a naredni koraci zavisi\u0107e od vi\u0161e faktora, kao \u0161to su cene energije i baterija, razvoja tr\u017ei\u0161ta elektri\u010dne energije\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Primer vlasnika doma\u0107instva sa solarnom elektranom na krovu i inverter klima-ure\u0111ajima daje zanimljivu ra\u010dunicu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":77901,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,4],"tags":[663,6726,6312,1445,1890,4933,857,691,910],"class_list":["post-77897","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-obnovljivi-izvori-energije","category-zivotna-sredina","tag-grejanje","tag-individualna-lozista","tag-kupac-proizvodjac","tag-prozjumeri","tag-solarne-elektrane","tag-termoelektrane","tag-toplotne-pumpe","tag-ugalj","tag-zagadenje-vazduha","country-srbija"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSolarni paneli i toplotne pumpe - kombinacija za smanjenje tro\u0161kova grejanja 40 odsto<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Primer vlasnika doma\u0107instva sa solarnim panelima na krovu i inverter klima-ure\u0111ajima, \u0161to su u stvari toplotne pumpe, daje zanimljivu ra\u010dunicu\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/balkangreenenergynews.com\/rs\/solarni-paneli-i-toplotne-pumpe-kombinacija-za-smanjenje-troskova-grejanja-40-odsto\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sr_RS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Solarni paneli i toplotne pumpe - 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