{"id":67518,"date":"2024-03-19T16:37:10","date_gmt":"2024-03-19T15:37:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/balkangreenenergynews.com\/rs\/?p=67518"},"modified":"2024-06-17T13:31:58","modified_gmt":"2024-06-17T11:31:58","slug":"eu-u-zakonu-o-kriticnim-sirovinama-olabavila-propise-o-zastiti-stanovnistva-prirode","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/balkangreenenergynews.com\/rs\/eu-u-zakonu-o-kriticnim-sirovinama-olabavila-propise-o-zastiti-stanovnistva-prirode\/","title":{"rendered":"EU u Zakonu o kriti\u010dnim sirovinama olabavila propise o za\u0161titi stanovni\u0161tva, prirode"},"content":{"rendered":"

U nastojanjima da napreduje ka takozvanoj strate\u0161koj autonomiji, Evropska unija je sastavila kona\u010dnu verziju Zakona o kriti\u010dnim sirovinama, posle podu\u017eeg otezanja u poslednjoj fazi. Glavne pregovara\u010dice iz Evropskog parlamenta nisu zadovoljne odredbama o uticaju na dru\u0161tvo i \u017eivotnu sredinu koje stupaju na snagu.<\/h2>\n

Savet EU je usvojio Zakon o kriti\u010dnim sirovinama<\/a> (CRMA) i on \u0107e tako postati va\u017ee\u0107i. Ima za cilj da obezbedi sigurno i odr\u017eivo snabdevanje i da ga diverzifikuje,<\/a> \u010dime utire put za ideju koju administracija u Briselu naziva strate\u0161kom autonomijom.<\/p>\n

Klju\u010dne sirovine su izuzetno va\u017ene za privredu i nose velik rizik poreme\u0107aja u snabdevanju. On se ogleda u jako ograni\u010denom broju izvora i manjku zamenskih materijala. Evropski parlament je usvojio predlog jo\u0161 pre tri meseca i prosledio ga savetu. Nakon \u0161to do\u0111e do inicijalnog dogovora, u kojem u\u010destvuje i Evropska komisija, pomenuta institucija, koju \u010dine nadle\u017eni ministri, obi\u010dno zakonima daje samo formalno zeleno svetlo.<\/p>\n

EU \u017eeli da recikliranjem obezbedi 25 odsto udela u snabdevanju<\/h3>\n

CRMA je zami\u0161ljena i da oja\u010da cirkularnu ekonomiju, izme\u0111u ostalog recikliranjem. Kriti\u010dne sirovine su bitne za industrijske lance vrednosti u celokupnoj privredi. EU se posebno fokusira na reindustrijalizaciju, i to sa najsavremenijim tehnologijama i za sektor odbrane.<\/a><\/p>\n

Zvani\u010dnici su zagovarali ovo novo zakonodavno re\u0161enje kao jedan od mehanizama za postizanje ciljeva na polju klime, energetike i za\u0161tite \u017eivotne sredine. Za to vreme, kriti\u010dari su tvrdili da \u0107e zbog pojednostavljenja postupka izdavanja dozvola biti ugro\u017eeni ekosistemi i lokalno stanovni\u0161tvo u uniji i zemljama koje treba da je snabdevaju.<\/p>\n

Najmanje jedna desetina kriti\u010dnih sirovina treba da poti\u010de sa teritorije ovog 27-\u010dlanog trgovinskog bloka dr\u017eava<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Od klju\u010dnih sirovina zavise i proizvodnja solarnih panela i vetroturbina i elektri\u010dnih vozila i opreme za energetski efikasno osvetljenje. Ambicija EU je da se manje oslanja na odre\u0111ene zemlje tako \u0161to \u0107e uspostavljati strate\u0161ka partnerstva sa susedima i prijateljskim dr\u017eavama.<\/p>\n

CRMA uvodi tri ciljana nivoa vezana za udele u potro\u0161nji: deset odsto iz lokalne ekstrakcije, 40 procenata iz doma\u0107e prerade i \u010detvrtina iz recikliranih materijala.<\/p>\n

\"EU
Foto: Strate\u0161ke sirovine, ozna\u010dene \u017eutim, i ostale kriti\u010dne sirovine (Savet EU)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Bez strate\u0161kih materijala nema elektri\u010dnih vozila, vetroturbina<\/h3>\n

U finalnom tekstu su 34 kriti\u010dna materijala,<\/a> od kojih 17 ima i strate\u0161ki status, izme\u0111u ostalog bakar, aluminijum i prirodni grafit. Neke od stavki su zapravo grupe elemenata. Strate\u0161ki te\u0161ki retki minerali su neodimijum, terbijum, disprozijum i gadolinijum. Laki su prazeodimijum, samarijum i cerijum, podsetio je Savet EU.<\/p>\n

Na primer, \u0161to se ti\u010de upotrebe, tungsten je nezamenljiv za tehnologiju koja omogu\u0107ava vibriranje telefona. Sektor elektri\u010dnih vozila je u ogromnom zamahu i proizvo\u0111a\u010dima treba sve vi\u0161e litijuma, kobalta i nikla, a svi su oni strate\u0161ki. Jo\u0161 jedan, bor, koristi se u proizvodnji vetroturbina.<\/p>\n

Savet je priznao da EU nikad ne\u0107e sama mo\u0107i da proizvede sve ove sirovine. Za nabavku nekih zavisi od po samo jedne zemlje… Kina isporu\u010duje celokupnu potrebnu koli\u010dinu te\u0161kih retkih elemenata, 98 odsto bora sti\u017ee iz Turske, a Ju\u017enoafri\u010dka Republika ima udeo od 71 procenta u platini.<\/p>\n

Ne\u0107e pro\u0107i bez dru\u0161tvenih nemira, naru\u0161avanja \u017eivotne sredine<\/h3>\n

Henrike Han, koja je imala vode\u0107u ulogu u sastavljanju zakona u Evropskom parlamentu, izjavila je da su njegove odredbe dale sna\u017ena ovla\u0161\u0107enja lokalnim zajednicama i starosedela\u010dkim grupama da u\u010destvuju u odlu\u010divanju. Me\u0111utim, nigde se eksplicitno ne pominje uslov da njihov pristanak bude slobodan, dat unapred i to nakon \u0161to budu dobile sve relevantne informacije, kazala je, uz tvrdnju da je savet bio taj koji je to spre\u010dio.<\/p>\n

„Nadali bismo se i ja\u010dim odredbama za za\u0161ti\u0107ena podru\u010dja, a tu smo morali da pristanemo na neke te\u0161ke kompromise. Ipak, CRMA ne menja eksplicitno nijednu odredbu iz pravnog okvira za \u017eivotnu sredinu, \u0161to bi za nas Zelene bila crvena linija“, navela je ova evroposlanica iz Nema\u010dke.<\/p>\n

Druga glavna pregovara\u010dica je bila Kornelija Ernst iz grupacije Levica u Evropskom parlamentu \u2013 GUE\/NGL. „Kada bageri krenu da se kotrljaju ka strate\u0161kim projektima u Evropi i drugde, neizbe\u017eni su dru\u0161tveni nemiri i naru\u0161avanje \u017eivotne sredine. Tada \u0107emo videti koliko je stvarno \u010dvrst zakon o klju\u010dnim sirovinama“, naglasila je, prenosi Euronews.<\/a><\/p>\n

Rok za dozvole za rudarske projekte je 27 meseci<\/h3>\n

CRMA omogu\u0107ava Evropskoj komisiji i dr\u017eavama \u010dlanicama da progla\u0161avaju projekte strate\u0161kim. U tom slu\u010daju, vlasti su obavezne da dozvole za nameravano iskopavanje izdaju u roku od 27 meseci. Pore\u0111enja radi, za recikliranje i preradu \u0107e imati 15 meseci.<\/p>\n

Srbija ra\u010duna na strate\u0161ko partnerstvo kakvo u pravni okvir uvodi CRMA<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Evropska komisija je ve\u0107 potpisala sporazume sa \u010cileom, Grenlandom, Ukrajinom, Kanadom i Ruandom. Osim toga pregovara s Norve\u0161kom.<\/p>\n

Na ovakvo strate\u0161ko partnerstvo<\/a> ra\u010duna i Srbija,<\/a> u kojoj je ve\u0107 do\u0161lo<\/a> do velikih protesta<\/a> i \u0161tetnih posledica po \u017eivotnu sredinu. Aktivisti i aktivistkinje i lokalno stanovni\u0161tvo<\/a> su pre ne\u0161to vi\u0161e od dve godine uspeli da uko\u010de Rio Tintovu investiciju u eksploataciju i preradu litijuma. Osim toga su blokirali vi\u0161e drugih projekata istra\u017eivanja rudnih rezervi, uklju\u010duju\u0107i minerala bora. Sada i u Bosni i Hercegovini<\/a> rastu tenzije.<\/p>\n

Zakon o kriti\u010dnim sirovinama je, zajedno sa zakonom o podr\u0161ci potpunoj dekarbonizaciji industrije<\/a> (NZIA) i reformom ustrojstva tr\u017ei\u0161ta elektri\u010dne energije,<\/a> deo Industrijskog plana za zeleni dogovor<\/a>, lansiranog u februaru pro\u0161le godine.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S idejom o strate\u0161koj autonomiji, EU je usvojila Zakon o kriti\u010dnim sirovinama, ali posle velikog zastoja u poslednjoj fazi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":67535,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[504,1,4],"tags":[6973,3279,669,1854,6971,2899,647,7071,6959,5921],"class_list":["post-67518","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-elektricna-energija","category-obnovljivi-izvori-energije","category-zivotna-sredina","tag-crma","tag-dekarbonizacija","tag-elektricna-energija","tag-energetska-tranzicija","tag-kriticne-sirovine","tag-litijum","tag-obnovljivi-izvori-energije","tag-projekat-jadar","tag-retki-minerali","tag-zivotna-sredina","country-regioneu"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nEU olabavila propise o za\u0161titi stanovni\u0161tva, prirode u Zakonu o 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