{"id":66724,"date":"2024-02-21T15:10:26","date_gmt":"2024-02-21T14:10:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/balkangreenenergynews.com\/rs\/?p=66724"},"modified":"2024-02-21T15:10:26","modified_gmt":"2024-02-21T14:10:26","slug":"u-elektricne-mreze-neophodno-uloziti-31-bilion-dolara-do-2030-da-se-ogranici-globalno-zagrevanje","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/balkangreenenergynews.com\/rs\/u-elektricne-mreze-neophodno-uloziti-31-bilion-dolara-do-2030-da-se-ogranici-globalno-zagrevanje\/","title":{"rendered":"U elektri\u010dne mre\u017ee neophodno ulo\u017eiti 3,1 bilion dolara do 2030. da se ograni\u010di globalno zagrevanje"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zastarelost i neodgovaraju\u0107e karakteristike elektromre\u017ee su me\u0111u najzna\u010dajnijim preprekama u energetskoj tranziciji, pokazuju rezultati istra\u017eivanja kompanije Rystad Energy. Procenila je da je u tu vrstu infrastrukture do 2030. neophodno investirati 3,1 bilion dolara da bi se globalno zagrevanje zadr\u017ealo na do 1,8 stepeni Celzijusa.<\/h2>\n

Norve\u0161ka firma Rystad Energy, koja se bavi istra\u017eivanjima i prikupljanjem podataka i informacija relevantnih za poslovanje,<\/a> upozorila je da je svetu potrebno jo\u0161 18 miliona kilometara strujne mre\u017ee. Procena je vezana za pokrivanje elektrifikacije koja se sprovodi \u0161irom gradova, regiona i kontinenata. Obuhvata i kapacitete za proizvodnju elektri\u010dne energije iz obnovljivih izvora te ubrzano uvo\u0111enje elektri\u010dnih vozila.<\/p>\n

„Razvoj<\/a> u oblasti obnovljive energije nastavlja se vratolomnom brzinom, pa \u0107e 2024. na nove kapacitete biti potro\u0161eno 644 milijarde dolara. Ali zastarele i neadekvatne strujne mre\u017ee mogle bi da se poka\u017eu kao zna\u010dajna prepreka<\/a> u energetskoj tranziciji. Ukoliko svet treba da ograni\u010di globalno zagrevanje na 1,8 stepeni Celzijusa iznad predindustrijskog perioda, za investicije u mre\u017enu infrastrukturu je potrebno 3,1 bilion dolara pre 2030″, pi\u0161e u novom izve\u0161taju.<\/p>\n

Radi pore\u0111enja, ova brojka je malo ni\u017ea od bruto dru\u0161tvenog proizvoda Velike Britanije, koja u svetskom BDP-u u\u010destvuje s otprilike tri odsto.<\/p>\n

Rystad Energy ne ra\u010duna na cilj od 1,5 stepeni<\/h3>\n

Treba napomenuti da je Rystad Energy za referentnu ta\u010dku uzeo 1,8 stepeni.<\/a> Pariski sporazum iz 2015. poziva na 1,5 stepeni i to je i dalje op\u0161teprihva\u0107eni cilj. Predlo\u017een je za period do 2100, a \u010dini se da je bio preoptimisti\u010dan budu\u0107i da su globalni napori da se elimini\u0161u neto emisije gasova s efektom staklene ba\u0161te bili nedovoljni.<\/p>\n

Neki nau\u010dnici \u010dak prognoziraju da \u0107e po nekim kriterijumima nivo od jednog i po stepena biti prema\u0161en ve\u0107 ove godine. S druge strane, prose\u010dna temperatura bi morala da se odr\u017ei na toj visini nekoliko godina da bi zvani\u010dno bila potvr\u0111ena. A \u010dak i da do toga do\u0111e, u teoriji se rast iznad limita kasnije mo\u017ee poni\u0161titi rashla\u0111enjem.<\/p>\n

U scenariju za do 1,8 stepeni, ukupna du\u017eina svih elektri\u010dnih mre\u017ea 2030. dosti\u017ee 104 miliona kilometara, a 2050. godine 140 miliona. To je skoro kao razdaljina od Zemlje do Sunca. Da bi bilo postavljeno 18 miliona kilometara strujnih veza treba skoro 30 miliona tona bakra, sirovine koja je i u ovom trenutku u deficitu, dodala je firma.<\/p>\n

Me\u0111unarodna agencija za energetiku ranije je procenila du\u017einu potrebnu 2050. na 166,4 miliona kilometara,<\/a> ali za cilj od 1,5 stepena.<\/p>\n

Mnoge nacionalne mre\u017ee su ve\u0107 prezakr\u010dene da prime jo\u0161 solara, vetra<\/h3>\n

Sajber-bezbednost, geopoliti\u010dke okolnosti i sve ve\u0107i zna\u010daj obezbe\u0111ivanja pouzdanog snabdevanja energentima na nivou dr\u017eava tako\u0111e doprinose potrebi ja\u010danja mre\u017ea, podse\u0107a Rystad Energy.<\/p>\n

Me\u0111utim, nepodesni regulatorni okviri bi mogli znatno da uspore razvoj mre\u017ee i, samim tim, energetsku tranziciju, pi\u0161e u izve\u0161taju. Starije mre\u017ee su omogu\u0107ile hitru ekspanziju solarnih i vetrokapaciteta zabele\u017eenu poslednjih godina. Ali mnoge nacionalne mre\u017ee se pribli\u017eavaju ta\u010dki, ili su do\u0161le do nje, kada nema vi\u0161e priklju\u010denja dok se ne unaprede ili pro\u0161ire, naglasio je vi\u0161i analiti\u010dar Edvard Kristofersen.<\/p>\n

Prenosna mre\u017ea se sada sastoji od \u0161est miliona kilometara dalekovoda visokog napona, iznad 70 kilovolti. Distributivna mre\u017ea<\/a> je mnogo ve\u0107a. \u010cine je osam miliona kilometara pod srednjim naponom (10 do 70 kilovolti) i kolosalna 72 miliona kilometara pod niskim naponom. Na nju su povezana doma\u0107instva, institucije i male firme svuda po planeti.<\/p>\n

Predvi\u0111a se da \u0107e polovina ekspanzije tokom ove decenije biti ostvarena u Aziji. Kina je najve\u0107i potro\u0161a\u010d struje na svetu, a Indija je tre\u0107a.<\/p>\n

Rystad Energy o\u010dekuje da \u0107e globalne investicije u mre\u017eu 2024. dosti\u0107i 374 milijarde dolara.<\/p>\n

Postoje alternative pro\u0161irivanju mre\u017ee<\/h3>\n

Bakar se prvenstveno upotrebljava kao provodnik u delu elektrodistribucije ispod zemlje, u prenosu i podvodnim kablovima. Za one na dalekovodnim stubovima se koristi aluminijum, ali on mo\u017ee da poslu\u017ei i za podzemne veze, stoji u izve\u0161taju.<\/p>\n

O\u010dekuje se da \u0107e potra\u017enja za bakrom i aluminijumom pre kraja decenije sko\u010diti gotovo 40 procenata, ali mre\u017ee tu nisu glavni faktor. Ta dva obojena metala su tako\u0111e od klju\u010dnog zna\u010daja za upotrebu u gra\u0111evinarstvu, saobra\u0107aju, proizvodnji energije iz obnovljivih izvora i u industriji potro\u0161a\u010dkih proizvoda. Na strujne mre\u017ee odlazi, ugrubo, samo 14 odsto potra\u017enje za bakrom na svetskom nivou, pa \u0107e taj udeo 2024. iznositi nekih \u010detiri miliona tona.<\/p>\n

Uvo\u0111enjem velikih baterijskih sistema za skladi\u0161tenje mo\u017eemo da ubla\u017eimo nevolje s nestabilno\u0161\u0107u proizvodnje zelene elektri\u010dne energije<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Produ\u017eavanje mre\u017ee je neophodno da se podr\u017ei proizvodnja iz varijabilnih izvora i sa udaljenih ta\u010daka i spoji s novim industrijskim, poslovnim i stambenim centrima. Ipak, postoji jo\u0161 na\u010dina da se pokrije rastu\u0107a potra\u017enja za strujom.<\/p>\n

Uvo\u0111enjem velikih baterijskih sistema za skladi\u0161tenje mogu da se ubla\u017ee posledice nestabilnosti odnosno varijabilnosti iliti intermitentnosti proizvodnje zelene elektri\u010dne energije.<\/p>\n

Ovo se najvi\u0161e odnosi na solarne i vetroelektrane. Naime, solarni paneli ne proizvode struju no\u0107u, a problem je i kad se naglo razvije obla\u010dnost ili bude vi\u0161e sunca nego \u0161to je prognozirano. Vetar je tako\u0111e manje ili vi\u0161e nepredvidljiv, pa se de\u0161ava neujedna\u010denost snabdevanja i potra\u017enje-potro\u0161nje. Pri porastu optere\u0107enja mre\u017ee sa strane proizvodnje, pogoni za skladi\u0161tenje preuzimaju vi\u0161ak i obrnuto.<\/p>\n

Rekonstrukcijom i unapre\u0111enjem karakteristika postoje\u0107ih elemenata podi\u017ee se kapacitet mre\u017ee, a digitalizacija mo\u017ee da ga dodatno ra\u0161iri jer doprinosi fleksibilnosti. Tako\u0111e, geografski razasuti, ta\u010dkasti izvori struje poput krovnih solarnih panela pokrivaju lokalne potro\u0161a\u010de i smanjuju potrebu za daljim vezama.<\/p>\n

U svakom slu\u010daju, jasno je da trenutna mre\u017ena infrastruktura u svetu ne zadovoljava uslove za energetiku budu\u0107nosti, poru\u010dili su Rystadovi istra\u017eiva\u010di.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zastarelost i neodgovaraju\u0107e karakteristike elektromre\u017ee su me\u0111u najzna\u010dajnijim preprekama u energetskoj tranziciji, upozorava Rystad Energy<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":66735,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[504,5909,1],"tags":[3279,6765,669,1854,883,6227,766,647,3558,6567],"class_list":["post-66724","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-elektricna-energija","category-klimatske-promene","category-obnovljivi-izvori-energije","tag-dekarbonizacija","tag-distribucija-elektricne-energije","tag-elektricna-energija","tag-energetska-tranzicija","tag-globalno-zagrevanje","tag-interkonekcija","tag-klimatske-promene","tag-obnovljivi-izvori-energije","tag-prenos-elektricne-energije","tag-rystad-energy","country-svet"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nU elektri\u010dne mre\u017ee 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