{"id":66383,"date":"2024-02-06T16:52:00","date_gmt":"2024-02-06T15:52:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/balkangreenenergynews.com\/rs\/?p=66383"},"modified":"2024-02-07T00:39:05","modified_gmt":"2024-02-06T23:39:05","slug":"naucnici-od-rudarskog-otpada-dobili-gvozdje-i-gradjevinski-materijal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/balkangreenenergynews.com\/rs\/naucnici-od-rudarskog-otpada-dobili-gvozdje-i-gradjevinski-materijal\/","title":{"rendered":"Nau\u010dnici od rudarskog otpada dobili gvo\u017e\u0111e i gra\u0111evinski materijal"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rudarenje aluminijuma iza sebe ostavlja crveni mulj, milijarde tona kausti\u010dne crvene mase. Istra\u017eiva\u010di tvrde da se iz nje uz pomo\u0107 jednostavnog hemijskog procesa mo\u017ee izdvojiti ogromna koli\u010dina gvo\u017e\u0111a, a da je ostatak bezopasan i da se mo\u017ee koristiti u gra\u0111evinskoj industriji.<\/h2>\n

Aluminijum se dobija rudarenjem boksita. Posle postupka ekstrakcije aluminijum-oksida, poznatog i kao glinica ili alumina, preostaje otpad koji se zove crveni mulj. Visoko je alkalan i mo\u017ee sadr\u017eati toksi\u010dne te\u0161ke metale poput kadmijuma.<\/p>\n

Ova industrija svake godine proizvede 180 miliona tona crvenog mulja u svetu. Istovara se u improvizovane, zagra\u0111ene bazene da se su\u0161i. Trenutno se samo mala koli\u010dina prera\u0111uje, pa bude manje opasna.<\/p>\n

Istra\u017eiva\u010di ve\u0107 dugo znaju da se iz crvenog mulja mo\u017ee izvu\u0107i dodatna vrednost. On sadr\u017ei veliku koli\u010dinu gvo\u017e\u0111a, do 70 odsto mase, ali i manje koli\u010dine retkih metala poput skandijuma.<\/p>\n

Problem je \u0161to su ovi hemijski elementi u crvenom mulju u obliku oksida, odnosno vezani su za kiseonik, te su daleko manje korisni od \u010distih metala.<\/p>\n

Jedan od na\u010dina da se kiseonik ukloni jeste kroz proces redukcije, u kojem se gvo\u017e\u0111e-oksid me\u0161a sa ugljenikom. To je, ina\u010de, tradicionalna metoda za pretvaranje oksida gvo\u017e\u0111a u \u010delik<\/a>. Proces je jeftin i efikasan, ali za njega je potrebno mnogo fosilnih goriva i ispu\u0161ta se ugljen-dioksid.<\/p>\n

Redukcija gvo\u017e\u0111a vodonikom mo\u017ee da se primeni i na otpad od prerade boksita<\/h3>\n

Nau\u010dnici su otkrili alternativni proces<\/a>. Matic Jovi\u010devi\u0107-Klug i Isnaldi Souza Filjo, istra\u017eiva\u010di sa Instituta Maks Plank za istra\u017eivanje gvo\u017e\u0111a,\u00a0 pokazali su da ruda gvo\u017e\u0111a mo\u017ee biti redukovana pomo\u0107u vodonika. Proces su unapredili uvo\u0111enjem elektrolu\u010dne pe\u0107i za otapanje rude i uz izlaganje plazmi jonizovanih molekula vodonika.<\/p>\n

Jovi\u010devi\u0107-Klug i Souza Filjo su isprobali taj proces na i crvenom mulju. Nakon 10 minuta otapanja 15 grama mulja u pe\u0107i, prona\u0161li su velike kuglice skoro \u010distog gvo\u017e\u0111a. Analiziraju\u0107i kuglice i druge proizvode reakcije, otkrili su da je postupak bio veoma efikasan. Teoretski, mogu se izvu\u0107i i drugi, re\u0111i elementi.<\/p>\n

Pre\u010di\u0161\u0107avanjem crvenog mulja moglo bi da se dobije vi\u0161e stotina miliona tona \u010delika<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Ukoliko se proces pre\u010di\u0161\u0107avanja postoje\u0107eg crvenog mulja poka\u017ee efikasnim, od njega bi mogle da se proizvedu stotine miliona tona \u010delika. Masa koja ostaje posle prerade vi\u0161e nije opasna i mo\u017ee da se upotrebi za gra\u0111evinski materijal, napominju nau\u010dnici.<\/p>\n

Taj na\u010din proizvodnje bi bio znatno povoljniji po klimu od konvencionalnog, ka\u017eu istra\u017eiva\u010di. Glavna prednost ovog pristupa proizvodnje \u010delika je \u0161to ni za crveni mulj ni dobijeno gvo\u017e\u0111e nije potrebna dodatna prerada, \u0161to \u0161tedi energiju, izjavio je Souza Filjo.<\/p>\n

Ukoliko se elektrolu\u010dne pe\u0107i budu napajale energijom iz obnovljivih izvora, ima\u0107e mnogo manji ugljeni\u010dni otisak. Ipak, ostaje jo\u0161 mnogo posla. Potrebna je studija kako bi se procenila ekonomska isplativost iskori\u0161\u0107avanja crvenog mulja, uklju\u010duju\u0107i tro\u0161kove na ime otpadnih gasova.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Istra\u017eiva\u010di tvrde da se uz pomo\u0107 jednostavnog hemijskog procesa iz crvenog mulja, nusproizvoda prerade boksita, mo\u017ee izdvojiti gvo\u017e\u0111e<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":66388,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,4],"tags":[1781,2661,5133],"class_list":["post-66383","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-otpad","category-zivotna-sredina","tag-rudarski-otpad","tag-ugljen-dioksid","tag-vodonik","country-svet"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNau\u010dnici od rudarskog otpada dobili \u010delik i gra\u0111evinski materijal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Istra\u017eiva\u010di tvrde da se uz pomo\u0107 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