{"id":28118,"date":"2020-02-12T12:58:11","date_gmt":"2020-02-12T11:58:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/balkangreenenergynews.com\/rs\/?p=28118"},"modified":"2020-05-03T16:02:50","modified_gmt":"2020-05-03T14:02:50","slug":"odrzivi-razvoj-ne-sme-da-zavisi-iskljucivo-od-ekonomskog-rasta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/balkangreenenergynews.com\/rs\/odrzivi-razvoj-ne-sme-da-zavisi-iskljucivo-od-ekonomskog-rasta\/","title":{"rendered":"Odr\u017eivi razvoj ne sme da zavisi isklju\u010divo od ekonomskog rasta"},"content":{"rendered":"

Autor: Danko Kalkan, koordinator za energetsku efikasnost i za\u0161titu \u017eivotne sredine u ProCredit banci\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

U ve\u0107ini zemalja u kojima dominira kapitalisti\u010dki ekonomski sistem va\u017ei pravilo da unapre\u0111enje stanja \u017eivotne sredine mora da pri\u010deka dok se ne dostigne odre\u0111eni nivo ekonomskog razvoja. Ova pogre\u0161na mantra posledi\u010dno je dovela do ka\u0161njenja u implementaciji principa odr\u017eivog razvoja, \u0161to je izazvalo ekolo\u0161ku i klimatsku krizu.<\/h2>\n

Kada se govori o odr\u017eivom razvoju, neophodno je podsetiti da on predstavlja oblik razvoja u kojem se te\u017ei uspostavljanju balansa izme\u0111u ekonomskih, ekolo\u0161kih i socijalnih ciljeva. Me\u0111utim, \u010dinjenica je da ve\u0107 decenijama maksimizacija profita i rast nacionalnih ekonomija predstavljaju glavne ciljeve.<\/p>\n

Dominantni ekononomski sistem dana\u0161njice bazira se na ideji konstantnog rasta i razvoja. Uzgred, ova ideja se oslanja na niz pogre\u0161nih pretpostavki, od kojih je sa ekolo\u0161kog aspekta najkriti\u010dna ona da su prirodni resursi neograni\u010deni. Pored toga, danas \u010desto mo\u017eemo \u010duti da \u017eivotnu sredinu moramo \u017ertvovati zarad ekonomskog rasta.<\/p>\n

Prvo ekonomski rast, pa onda mo\u017eemo pri\u010dati o ekologiji<\/span><\/h3>\n

Ameri\u010dki ekonomista i statisti\u010dar Simon Kuznjec doprineo je ekonomskoj nauci otkri\u0107em veze izme\u0111u nivoa nejednakosti i dugoro\u010dnog ekonomskog razvoja. Prema rezultatima njegovog istra\u017eivanja, tr\u017ei\u0161te uti\u010de tako da se tokom vremena ekonomska nejednakost najpre pove\u0107ava (u toku perioda industrijalizacije), a zatim po\u010dne da se smanjuje u momentu kada zemlja zavr\u0161i proces industrijalizacije.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Devedesetih godina pro\u0161log veka, ameri\u010dki ekonomisti D\u017ein Grosman i Alan Kruger uporedili su podatke o kretanju bruto dru\u0161tvenog proizvoda (BDP) sa informacijama o lokalnom zaga\u0111enju vode i vazduha u \u010detrdesetak zemalja. Do\u0161li su do zaklju\u010dka da je zaga\u0111enje tokom vremena raslo, a zatim po\u010delo da opada kako je rastao BDP. Oblik krive koju su dobili u istra\u017eivanju bio je identi\u010dan Kuznjecovoj. Stoga, njihovo otkri\u0107e dobilo je naziv ekolo\u0161ka Kuznjecova kriva.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Kriva nam govori da ekonomski razvoj u po\u010detnim fazama vodi do pove\u0107ane ugro\u017eenosti \u017eivotne sredine, da bi se potom, nakon dostizanja odre\u0111enog nivoa razvoja, smanjio stepen degradacije. Ona nam pokazuje da moramo da budemo strpljivi dok ne dostignemo odre\u0111eni nivo ekonomskog razvoja kako bi se \u017eivotna sredina po\u010dela oporavljati.<\/p>\n

Ekonomisti koji podr\u017eavaju ovu teoriju uglavnom koriste tri argumenta. Prvo, porastom \u017eivotnog standarda, stanovni\u0161tvo po\u010dinje da brine o ekolo\u0161kim problemima zahtevaju\u0107i visoke standarde i stroga pravila. Drugo, industrije u bogatim zemljama mogu priu\u0161titi \u010distije (skuplje) tehnologije. Kona\u010dno, u razvijenim ekonomijama udeo uslu\u017enih delatnosti se pove\u0107ava nau\u0161trb proizvodnih aktivnosti, \u0161to navodno automatski dovodi do smanjenja koli\u010dine direktnog zaga\u0111enja.<\/p>\n

Ipak, ekonomsko stanje nije presudno<\/span><\/h3>\n

Gorepomenuti argumenti pristalica ekolo\u0161ke Kuznjecove krive imaju nekoliko slabosti. Manjkavosti ove teorije ogledaju se, pre svega, u tome \u0161to sa ekolo\u0161ke strane nisu uzeti u razmatranje va\u017eni podaci kao \u0161to su upotreba resursa, emisije \u0161tetnih gasova, gubitak biodiverziteta, degradacija zemlji\u0161ta, kr\u010denje \u0161uma i sli\u010dno, ve\u0107 samo podaci o kvalitetu vode i vazduha. Tako\u0111e, gledano sa ekonomske strane, u obzir nisu uzeti podaci o kori\u0161\u0107enim tehnologijama, javnoj politikamaci i ekonomskim sistema u datim zemljama.<\/p>\n

Proveravaju\u0107i ekolo\u0161ku krivu, profesori ekonomije Marijano Toras i D\u017eejms K. Bojs do\u0161li su do zaklju\u010dka da dru\u0161tvo ipak ne mora da \u010deka porast BDP-a kako bi zahtevalo \u010dist vazduh i vodu. Oni su ukrstili podatke kori\u0161\u0107ene za dobijanje ekolo\u0161ke Kuznjecove krive sa pokazateljima gra\u0111anske mo\u0107i.<\/p>\n

Kvalitet \u017eivotne sredine je bolji u zemljama s pravednijom raspodelom prihoda, visokim stepenom pismenosti i po\u0161tovanjem gra\u0111anskih i politi\u010dkih prava<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

U velikom broju zemalja, a posebno u onim sa niskim nivoom prihoda, otkrili su da je kvalitet \u017eivotne sredine bolji ukoliko je u njima prihod pravednije raspore\u0111en, zatim ako postoji visok stepen pismenosti, kao i pod uslovom da su gra\u0111anska i politi\u010dka prava bolje po\u0161tovana.<\/p>\n

Zaga\u0111ivanje se pri tranziciji ka uslugama izme\u0161ta<\/span><\/h3>\n

Gra\u0111anska mo\u0107 tako\u0111e uti\u010de na podizanje ekolo\u0161kih standarda i unapre\u0111enje zakona, \u0161to na kraju rezultira pritiskom na industriju da pre\u0111e na \u010distije tehnologije. \u010ci\u0161\u0107enje vode i vazduha u jednoj zemlji kroz tranziciju sa industrijskog na uslu\u017eno dru\u0161tvo ne elimini\u0161e zaga\u0111iva\u010de, ve\u0107 ih samo dislocira u zemlje u kojima ne postoje visoki ekolo\u0161ki standardi.<\/p>\n

Dodatno, zahvaljuju\u0107i pobolj\u0161anom kvalitetu podataka o nacionalnim tokovima resursa, danas vidimo da najrazvijenije zemlje sveta tro\u0161e prirodne resurse mnogo br\u017ee nego \u0161to planeta mo\u017ee da ih obnovi. To se odvija kao posledica praktikovanja linearnog modela ekonomije \u2013 „eksploati\u0161i-napravi-koristi-baci“. Tako\u0111e, danas su zemlje sa visokim stepenom razvoja jedni od najve\u0107ih emitera \u0161tetnih gasova, \u010dime je izazvana teku\u0107a klimatska kriza.<\/p>\n

Najrazvijenije zemlje tro\u0161e prirodne resurse mnogo br\u017ee nego \u0161to planeta mo\u017ee da ih obnovi<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Iako su i sami autori priznali da ekolo\u0161ka Kuznjecova kriva ima manjkavosti, ona je postala \u0161iroko prihva\u0107ena ekonomska mantra. Donosioci odluka njome ve\u0107 decenijama pravdaju situaciju u kojoj proces industrijalizacije navodno mora da bude prljav. Ova mantra se o\u010digledno i u na\u0161em regiounu zloupotrebljava i koristi kao opravdanje za pokrivanje neuspeha i odr\u017eavanja statusa kvo.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Autor: Danko Kalkan, koordinator za energetsku efikasnost i za\u0161titu \u017eivotne sredine u ProCredit banci\u00a0 U…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":28122,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[484,4],"tags":[1079],"class_list":["post-28118","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-u-fokusu","category-zivotna-sredina","tag-odrzivi-razvoj","country-svet"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nOdr\u017eivi razvoj ne sme da zavisi isklju\u010divo od ekonomskog rasta - Balkan Green Energy News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pogre\u0161na mantra je dovela do ka\u0161njenja u implementaciji principa odr\u017eivog razvoja, \u0161to je izazvalo ekolo\u0161ku i klimatsku krizu.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/balkangreenenergynews.com\/rs\/odrzivi-razvoj-ne-sme-da-zavisi-iskljucivo-od-ekonomskog-rasta\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sr_RS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Odr\u017eivi razvoj ne sme da zavisi isklju\u010divo od ekonomskog rasta - 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