{"id":18158,"date":"2018-06-28T15:31:35","date_gmt":"2018-06-28T13:31:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/balkangreenenergynews.com\/rs\/?p=18158"},"modified":"2024-11-06T15:48:00","modified_gmt":"2024-11-06T14:48:00","slug":"dugorocno-energetsko-i-klimatsko-planiranje-u-jugoistocnoj-evropi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/balkangreenenergynews.com\/rs\/dugorocno-energetsko-i-klimatsko-planiranje-u-jugoistocnoj-evropi\/","title":{"rendered":"Dugoro\u010dno energetsko i klimatsko planiranje u Jugoisto\u010dnoj Evropi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Autori:\u00a0Mak \u0110ukan (drugi s leva), Starfish Energy, mak@starfishenergy.org<\/a>\u00a0i\u00a0<\/em>Andreas Tuerk (prvi s leva), Joanneum Research, andreas.tuerk@joanneum.at<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Nova regulativa o upravljanju Energetskom unijom kona\u010dno je usagla\u0161ena i primenjiva\u0107e se i na \u010dlanice Evropske unije (EU) i Energetske zajednice (EnZ) u Jugoisto\u010dnoj Evropi (JIE). Prema ovim novim propisima, \u010dlanice EU i EnZ c\u0301e morati da pripreme nacionalni energetski i klimatski plan (NEKP), koji \u0107e zna\u010dajno pojednostaviti planiranje i prac\u0301enje napretka u dostizanju energetskih i klimatskih ciljeva. Pripremanje NEKP-ova i izazovi dekarbonizacije u JIE bile su glavne teme radionice, koja je u okviru projekta CARISMA, odr\u017eana u Zagrebu 18 juna\u00a0[1].<\/span><\/h2>\n

Evropska komisija, Evropski Parlament i Savet EU usaglasili su 20. juna kona\u010dnu verziju Uredbe o upravljanju Energetskom unijom<\/a>, koja je prvi put uvedena u novembru 2016. godine u sklopu „Zimskog paketa“[2]. Zajedno sa novim ciljem za obnovljive izvore energije (OIE) od 32 odsto i i za energetsku efikasnost od 32,5 odsto, ova Uredba ozna\u010dava jo\u0161 jedan korak ka primeni „Zimskog paketa“.<\/p>\n

Nacionalni energetski i klimatski planovi<\/h3>\n

U okviru novih propisa o upravljanju, sve \u010dlanice EU c\u0301e morati da pripreme NEKP za period od 2021. do 2030, a prvu verziju \u0107e morati da dostave do 31. decembra 2019[3]. EU je predlo\u017eila ovu novu regulativu kako bi se osiguralo da nacionalni ciljevi i politike budu u skladu sa ciljevima EU i kako bi se u roku dostigli energetski i klimatski ciljevi EU do 2030. godine. Naime, energetska i klimatska politika na nivou EU je veoma slo\u017eena i previ\u0161e je mnogo pojedina\u010dnih zakona koji dovode do neuskla\u0111enosti, preklapanja i nedostatka integracije izme\u0111u energetske i klimatske politike. Novi NEKP-ovi treba da integri\u0161u 31 i izbri\u0161u 23 akta, u vezi sa planiranjem, prac\u0301enjem i izve\u0161tavanjem, iz energetskog i klimatskog acquis[4]. Osim toga, od njih se o\u010dekuje da obezbede sigurnost i predvidljivost za investitore.<\/p>\n

Kona\u010dno, planovi c\u0301e, tako\u0111e, primeniti i odredbe Uredbe o mehanizmu za prac\u0301enje klimatskih promena i uskladiti ih sa odredbama Pariskog sporazuma[5]. Naime, ova Uredba je od \u010dlanica zahtevala da izrade i dostave Strategiju za niskougljeni\u010dni razvoj (LCDS) do 2015. sa projekcijama do 2050. Me\u0111utim, od 28 dr\u017eava \u010dlanica samo 11 je podnelo takvu strategiju i to sa vrlo neujedna\u010denim kvalitetom[6]. Zbog toga c\u0301e \u010dlanice osim NEKP, prema novoj regulativi, tako\u0111e, morati da pripreme i te dugoro\u010dne strategije, koje doprinose odr\u017eanju globalnih prose\u010dnih temperatura u skladu s granicama Pariskog sporazuma.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

NEKP u \u010dlanicama Energetske zajednice<\/h3>\n

\u010clanice EnZ c\u0301e, tako\u0111e, morati da se pridr\u017eavaju novog mehanizma izve\u0161tavanja i prac\u0301enja. Sekretarijat EnZ nedavno je objavio smernice za pripremu NEKP<\/a>[7]. One nisu pravno obavezujuc\u0301e i ne uspostavljaju nikakav rok za \u010dlanice, ali prate vec\u0301inu preporuka koje va\u017ee za \u010dlanice EU. Zemlje u regionu bi trebalo da podnesu svoj prvi nacrt NEKP-a do marta 2020. godine i finalne verzije do oktobra 2020. godine. Tako\u0111e, trebalo bi da podnesu izve\u0161taje o napretku svake dve godine, po\u010dev\u0161i od 2022, a planove da a\u017euriraju jednom u periodu od 2023. do 2030. kako bi uneli promene koje su se pojavile u me\u0111uvremenu.<\/p>\n

Izazovi dekarbonizacije u JIE – Zaklju\u010dci radionice projekta CARISMA<\/h3>\n

Jugoisto\u010dna Evropa je veoma specifi\u010dna u smislu dekarbonizacije i to bi trebalo da se odrazi u planiranju do 2050. godine. Pre svega, region se veoma oslanja na ugalj i za razliku od drugih delova EU, zemlje JIE, osim Hrvatske, \u010dak ne razmi\u0161ljaju o opciji da prestanu da ga koriste[8]. Organizacija CEE Bankwatch, koji prati investicije u nove termoelektrane (TE) u regionu procenjuje da je planirana izgradnja postrojenja snage 2,6 GW do 2020. godine, elektrane snage 3,6 GW su u fazi planiranja, sa dozvolama koje su istekle ili im jo\u0161 nisu izdate, dok su postrojenja snage 2.5 GW planirana za izgradnju u periodu od 2025. do 2030. godine[9]. Ako se ove TE izgrade, to \u0107e zna\u010diti emisije CO2 u narednih 40 godina.<\/p>\n

S obzirom da veliki broj ljudi radi u sektoru uglja, odustajanje od ovog energenta mora da bude postepeno. Strategije energetske tranzicije moraju biti osmi\u0161ljene tako da omoguc\u0301avaju nove ekonomske moguc\u0301nosti. I po\u0161to je ugljeni\u010dni intenzitet zemalja Zapadnog Balkana skoro dvostruko ve\u0107i nego u EU[10], neophodna su tehnolo\u0161ka pobolj\u0161anja kako bi se ubla\u017eio efekat ulaska u Sistem trgovanja emisijama EU (EU ETS).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Planirana dinamika napu\u0161tanja uglja i operativni kapaciteti (Beyond Coal Campaign, 2018)<\/em><\/p>\n

Jo\u0161 jedan veliki izazov u \u200b\u200bregionu je energetsko siroma\u0161tvo. Uprkos najni\u017eim cenama elektri\u010dne energije u Evropi, u nekim zemljama vi\u0161e od 30 odsto domac\u0301instava sa te\u0161kom mukom uspeva da plati ra\u010dune za elektri\u010dnu energiju[11]. Dru\u0161tvo za oblikovanje odr\u017eivog razvoja (DOOR)[12] je sprovelo anketu sa 833 terenskih poseta \u0161irom regiona i do\u0161lo do podatka da oko 45 odsto domac\u0301instava ima bu\u0111, a polovina veoma lo\u0161e prozore i vrata, kroz koje prolazi promaja. Vlade bi to trebalo da uzmu u obzir prilikom kreiranja buduc\u0301ih energetskih politika. Planovi za dekarbonizaciju trebalo bi da podr\u017ee razvoj inovativnih poslova povezanih sa OIE i modele finansiranja koji se oslanjaju na sopstvenu potro\u0161nju, nezavisni su od dr\u017eavne podr\u0161ke i uklju\u010duju gra\u0111ane.<\/p>\n

Zelena energetska kooperativa[13] je nedavno sprovela pionirsku kampanju kroz tzv. crowdfunding u Hrvatskoj, gde su gra\u0111ani ulaganjem izme\u0111u 130 i 1.300 evra finansirali projekt solarnog sistema od 30 kW na krovu zgrade u Kri\u017eevcima[14].<\/p>\n

Na kraju, niskougljeni\u010dna buduc\u0301nost c\u0301e, tako\u0111e, dovesti do velikog prodora elektrana koje koriste OIE, a pre svega solarnih sistema i vetroelektrana, \u010dija proizvodnja elektri\u010dne energije sna\u017eno varira u odnosu na vremenske prilike. To zna\u010di da c\u0301e buduc\u0301i elektroenergetski sistemi morati da budu sposobni da integri\u0161u elektri\u010dnu energiju iz takvih izvora, \u0161to zna\u010di da c\u0301e konvencionalne elektrane morati da rade u zavisnosti od potrebe.<\/p>\n

Region c\u0301e morati da integri\u0161e svoje energetske sisteme kako bi pojedina\u010dnim dr\u017eavama obezbedio vec\u0301u fleksibilnost. To podrazumeva razvoj regionalnog tr\u017ei\u0161ta elektri\u010dne energije i njegovu integraciju sa unutra\u0161njim tr\u017ei\u0161tem elektri\u010dne energije EU, aktivnost koja je nedavno podr\u017eana Sofijskom deklaracijom na Samitu EU-Zapadni Balkan[15].<\/p>\n

_________________________<\/p>\n

[1]\u00a0<\/em>www.starfishenergy.org\/events<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

[2] https:\/\/europa.eu\/rapid\/press-release_IP-18-4229_en.htm<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

[3] https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/news\/en\/press-room\/20180619IPR06146\/energy-union-deals-on-efficiency-targets-and-governance<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

[4] https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/HTML\/?uri=CELEX:52016PC0759R(01)&from=EN<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

[5] https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/energy\/en\/topics\/energy-strategy-and-energy-union\/governance-energy-union<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

[6]\u00a0https:\/\/static1.squarespace.com\/static\/57050297356fb0e173a11732\/t\/58e3a35b03596e1e82b76ba9\/1491313570500\/A+climate+for+the+future_MaxiMiseR+report.pdf<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

[7] https:\/\/www.energy-community.org\/news\/Energy-Community-News\/2018\/06\/19.html<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

[8] https:\/\/beyond-coal.eu\/data\/<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

[9] Pippa Gallop, CEE Bankwatch, personal communication<\/em><\/p>\n

[10] Andreas Tuerk, own calculations<\/em><\/p>\n

[11] https:\/\/1-stromvergleich.com\/strompreise-in-europa\/<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

[12] https:\/\/door.hr<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

[13] https:\/\/www.zez.coop<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

[14]\u00a0Ivan Zokovic, <\/em>ZEZ, personal communication<\/em><\/p>\n

[15] https:\/\/www.consilium.europa.eu\/media\/34776\/sofia-declaration_en.pdf<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Autori:\u00a0Mak \u0110ukan (drugi s leva), Starfish Energy, mak@starfishenergy.org\u00a0i\u00a0Andreas Tuerk (prvi s leva), Joanneum Research, andreas.tuerk@joanneum.at…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":18162,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[484,4],"tags":[3279,1195,4334],"class_list":["post-18158","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-u-fokusu","category-zivotna-sredina","tag-dekarbonizacija","tag-energetska-unija","tag-nacionalni-energetski-i-klimatski-plan","country-regioneu"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDugoro\u010dno energetsko i klimatsko planiranje u Jugoisto\u010dnoj Evropi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nova regulativa o upravljanju Energetskom unijom kona\u010dno je usagla\u0161ena i primenjiva\u0107e se i na \u010dlanice Evropske unije (EU) i Energetske zajednice (EnZ) u Jugoisto\u010dnoj Evropi (JIE). 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